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User:Shariifka/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـپـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـپـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">پـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">پـ</span> | ||
|[β] | |[β] (weak allophone of /b/); /p/ (loanwords, Af Maay) | ||
|p (Af Maay) | |p (Af Maay) | ||
| This is an extra letter that is not normally used. It can be used for intervocalic /b/ pronounced as /β/, especially in Af Maay. It can also be used for /p/ in foreign words and some Af Maay words. | | This is an extra letter that is not normally used. It can be used for intervocalic /b/ pronounced as /β/, especially in Af Maay. It can also be used for /p/ in foreign words (where it is usually replaced with ''b'') and initially in some Af Maay words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| taa'<br>تاء | | taa'<br>تاء | ||
| Line 3,153: | Line 3,153: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span> | ||
|/θ/ ( | |/θ/ (loanwords) | ||
|s | |s | ||
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. | |Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s'' or ''t'' (or sometimes ''d''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|jiim<br>جيم | |jiim<br>جيم | ||
| Line 3,163: | Line 3,163: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span> | ||
|/d͡ʒ/ | |/d͡ʒ ~ t͡ʃ/ | ||
|j | |j | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 3,185: | Line 3,185: | ||
|/t͡ʃ/ | |/t͡ʃ/ | ||
| (ch) | | (ch) | ||
| Exclusively for foreign words ( | | Exclusively for foreign words (almost always replaced with ''jiim''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|xaa'<br>حاء | |xaa'<br>حاء | ||
| Line 3,223: | Line 3,223: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|/ð/ | |/ð/ (foreign); [ð] (weak allophone of /d/) | ||
|d, th (Af Maay) | |d, th (Af Maay) | ||
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used in native Sonali words for [ð], especially in | |Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used in native Sonali words for [ð], especially in Af Maay. | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
| Line 3,255: | Line 3,255: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|/z/ ( | |/z/ (foreign) | ||
|s | |s | ||
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. | |Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|siin<br>سين | |siin<br>سين | ||
| Line 3,286: | Line 3,286: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span> | ||
|/sˁ/ (Arabic) | |/sˁ/ (Arabic) | ||
|s | | s | ||
| | | Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''s''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ḍaad <br>ضاد | |ḍaad <br>ضاد | ||
| Line 3,297: | Line 3,297: | ||
|/d͡ɮˁ/ (Arabic) | |/d͡ɮˁ/ (Arabic) | ||
|l, d | |l, d | ||
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. | |Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Usually pronounced as ''d'' or ''l''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ṭaa'<br>طاء | |ṭaa'<br>طاء | ||
| Line 3,305: | Line 3,305: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span> | ||
|/tˁ/ (Arabic) | |/tˁ/ (Arabic); /d/ (back harmony) | ||
|d | |d | ||
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Used (optionally) in some Somali words for /d/ near back harmony vowels. | |Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Used (optionally) in some Somali words for /d/ near back harmony vowels. | ||
| Line 3,315: | Line 3,315: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span> | ||
|/ðˁ/ | |/ðˁ/; [ð] (weak allophone of /d/, back harmony) | ||
|d, th (Af Maay) | |d, th (Af Maay) | ||
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Can be used in Somali words for the [ð] allophone of /d/ when it would be written with <i>ṭā'</i>. | |Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. Can be used in Somali words for the [ð] allophone of /d/ when it would be written with <i>ṭā'</i>. | ||
| Line 3,345: | Line 3,345: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span> | ||
|/ɣ/ | |/ɣ/ (Arabic); [ɣ] (weak allophone of /ɡ/) | ||
|q | |q; gh (Af Maay) | ||
|Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used for the [ɣ] allophone of ''g'', especially in Af Maay. | |Mainly used in Arabic loanwords. It can also be used for the [ɣ] allophone of ''g'', especially in Af Maay. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 3,365: | Line 3,365: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span> | ||
|/q/ | |/q/; /ɠ~ʛ/ (Af Maay) | ||
|q | |q | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 3,428: | Line 3,428: | ||
|/ŋ/ | |/ŋ/ | ||
|ng | |ng | ||
| Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal ''-n'' in Af Maay. | | Used in Af Maay. Equivalent to final or pre-consonantal ''-n'' in Af Maay. Can instead be written identically as ''n''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|nuun<br>نون | |nuun<br>نون | ||
| Line 3,447: | Line 3,447: | ||
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ݧـ</span> | |<span style="font-size:160%;">ݧـ</span> | ||
|/ɲ/ | |/ɲ/ | ||
|ny | |ny (also written "yc" in Af Maay) | ||
| Mainly used in Af Maay. | | Mainly used in Af Maay. It can also be used in Af Maxaa, but it is usually replaced with ''y'' or else written as ''ny''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|waaw<br>واو | |waaw<br>واو | ||
| Line 3,458: | Line 3,458: | ||
|/w/<Br>/ɞ: ~ ɔ:/, /ʉ: ~ u:/ | |/w/<Br>/ɞ: ~ ɔ:/, /ʉ: ~ u:/ | ||
|w<br>oo, uu | |w<br>oo, uu | ||
|The letter '' | |The letter ''waaw'' serves three functions. Firstly, is as a consonant, with a sound /w/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /oː/ and /uː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for ''hamzah''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|haaʾ<br>هاء | |haaʾ<br>هاء | ||
| Line 3,468: | Line 3,468: | ||
|/h/ | |/h/ | ||
|h | |h | ||
| ' | | <i>Haa'</i> is also used silently at the end of nouns ending in /e/, /o/, (in Af Maay) /ə/. Such a silent <i>haa'</i> may be replaced with ''taa' marbuuṭah'' (ـَة، ة) in some words (generally feminine words and/or words that end in it in Arabic). | ||
|- | |- | ||
|yaaʾ<br>ياء | |yaaʾ<br>ياء | ||
| Line 3,478: | Line 3,478: | ||
|/j/<Br>/eː ~ ɛ:/, /i: ~ ɪ:/ | |/j/<Br>/eː ~ ɛ:/, /i: ~ ɪ:/ | ||
| y<br>ee, ii | | y<br>ee, ii | ||
| The letter ' | | The letter <i>yaa'</i> serves three functions. Firstly, it is used as a consonant, with a sound /j/. Secondly, it is used to write the long vowels /eː/ and /iː/. Finally, it is used as a carrier for ''hamzah''. It can also be used silently at the ends of words ending in ''-e'' as an alternative to <i>haa'</i>. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|hamzah<br>همزة | |hamzah<br>همزة | ||