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Fruwi (view source)

Revision as of 02:21, 12 October 2023

5,318 bytes added ,  12 October 2023
vowels, intonation fixed, consonants all standards added, phonotactics, orthography, morphophonotactics...
m (rmv notoc)
(vowels, intonation fixed, consonants all standards added, phonotactics, orthography, morphophonotactics...)
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===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes, and diaphonemes
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
Line 105: Line 105:
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban)
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai (Ban) Phonemes
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Nasal                  || m      || n̪      ||        || (ɲ)    || ŋ      ||
|-
| Lenis Stop            || p      || t      ||        || (c)    || k      || ʡ
|-
| Fortis Stop            || pʰ    || tʰ      ||        || (cʰ)  || kʰ    || ʡ
|-
| Lenis Fricative        || ɸ      || θ      || ʂ      ||        || x      || ħ
|-
| Fortis Fricative      || β      || ð      || ʐ      ||        || ɣ      || ħ
|-
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || t̆s      ||        ||        ||        ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || d̆z      ||        ||        ||        ||
|-
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||        ||
|-
| Approximant            || ʷ      ||        || (ɻ)    || j      || w      ||
|-
| Lateral Approximant    ||        || l      ||        || (ʎ)    || (ʟ)    ||
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Sontrai Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
|-
| Special Lenis Stop    || b      || d      ||        || (ɟ)    || g      ||
|-
| Special Fortis Stop    || bʰ    || dʰ      ||        || (ɟʰ)  || gʰ    ||
|}
Notes:
* /ŋ, g, kʰ/→[ɲ, ɟ, cʰ] before /i, e/
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/
* /V/→[Ṽ] near /m, n, ŋ/
** /oŋ/→[õŋ], /orŋ/→[õrŋ], /ŋjo/→[ŋjõ], but: /oŋfu/→[õŋfu]
* /ŋ/→[ɴ] CODA
** /oŋ/→[õɴ]
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi]
* /V<sub>high</sub>, Approximant/→[V<sub>high</sub>ʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already already bilabialized or labiodentalized
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /ɸwi/→[ɸwᵝiᵝ]
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ]
'''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!'''
 
Changes:
* s > θ, z > ð
* t̆ʃ > ʂ, d̆ʒ > ʐ
* χ > x, ʁ > ɣ
* V<sub>voiceless</sub> > V<sub>voiced</sub>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Haishi (Ban) Phonemes
|-
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal || Radical
Line 160: Line 217:
* t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
* t̆s > t̆ʃ, d̆z > d̆ʒ
* χ  > x , ʁ  > x
* χ  > x , ʁ  > x
* χ  > ɣ , ʁ  > ɣ (Tun)
* V<sub>voiceless</sub> > V<sub>voiced</sub>
* V<sub>voiceless</sub> > V<sub>voiced</sub>
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi
! colspan="6" | Standard Fruwi Phonemes and Diaphonemes
|-
|-
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
| Placement || Front || Center || Back
Line 182: Line 240:
Dialects:  
Dialects:  
* Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
* Standard; //ə, e, o//→/ə, e̞, o̞/
* Sontrai;             /œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/œ, e, o̞/(Ban)
* Sontrai;             /ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
* Sontrai; -//ə, e, o//→/ɨ, e̞, o̞/(Tun)
* Haishi;               /ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ɑ, e̞, o̞/(Ban)
* Haishi;               /ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)
* Haishi; --//ə, e, o//→/ʌ, e̞, o/(Tun)
===Stress and intonation===
===Stress and intonation===
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed.


The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/,
Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
* Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/
The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/
Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
* Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, also has a rising intonation /↗︎/
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
syllable structure is: (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C)
a more specific version is:  (CA)V(V)(RC) & GV(V)
 
A = //w, r, l, j// approximant
R = //r, l//
G = /ʡ, ħ/ radical
C = non-radical, non-approximant Consonants
V = Vowels
//ɸjailm// is CAVVRC, //ħai// is GVV
 
if the pronounciation is ambigious : then the coda steals the consonant if it is not guttral nor approximant
* /tamlat/:- /tam.lat/ -or /ta.mlat/:- /mam.lat/ is correct
* /talmat/:- /tal.mat/ -or /talm.at/:- /mal.mat/ is correct
* /talmlat/: /tal.mlat/ or /talm.lat/: /talm.lat/ is correct
<br>
ambigious pronounciation is not ambisyllabic. ambisyllabicity is possibly only when you have one consonant only between vowels<br>
Syllables starting with glottal consonants may not have codas; ambisyllabic codas (C) are allowed
* banned*:            /ħal/ /ħalm/ /ħal.mat/ /ħam/ /ħalm.lat/
* impossible anyways*: /ħaml/ /ħalml/
* ambisyllabic:      /ħalat/ /ħamat/
* separate syllable:  /ħa.mlat/
 
ae, ao, ai, au, ʌi, ʌu, ei, eu, oi, ou are the only possible diphthongs<br>


==Morphophonology==
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonotactics===
Final syllable's onset may only be glottal in uncountable nouns (only I class nouns can be uncountable), this is because uncountable nouns cannot have final codas
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
to-do: copy from Fandom
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Orthography based on Standard Fruwi
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Nasal                  || m      || n      ||        ||        || ñ
|-
| Lenis Stop            || b      || d      ||        ||        || g
|-
| Fortis Stop            || p      || t      ||        ||        || k
|-
| Lenis Fricative        || f      || s      ||        ||        || x
|-
| Fortis Fricative      || v      || z      ||        ||        || q
|-
| Lenis Affricate        ||        || c      || ch    ||        ||
|-
| Fortis Affricate      ||        || j      || jh    ||        ||
|-
| Trill                  ||        || r      ||        ||        ||
|-
| Approximant            ||        ||        ||        || y      || w
|-
| Lateral Approximant    ||        || l      ||        ||        ||
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="7" | Standard Fruwi Transcribers
|-
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal
|-
| Special Lenis Stop    || ʮb    || ʮd      ||        ||        || ʮg
|-
| Special Fortis Stop    || ʮp    || ʮt      ||        ||        || ʮk
|}
<Ii>//i//,<Īī>//.i//,<Íí>//.ʡi//,<Ìì>//.ħi//<br>
<Uu>//u//,<Ūū>//.u//,<Úú>//.ʡu//,<Ùù>//.ħu//<br>
<Ee>//e//,<Ēē>//.e//,<Éé>//.ʡe//,<Èè>//.ħe//<br>
<Oo>//o//,<Ōō>//.o//,<Óó>//.ʡo//,<Òò>//.ħo//<br>
<Aa>//a//,<Āā>//.a//,<Áá>//.ʡa//,<Àà>//.ħa//<br>
<Ʌʌ>//ə//,<Ʌ̄ʌ̄>//.ə//,<Ʌ́ʌ́>//.ʡə//,<Ʌ̀ʌ̀>//.ħə//<br>
Vowels with macrons only written after other vowels: alenta and *alēnta are the same
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
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