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Peshpeg: Difference between revisions
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====Case and Number==== | ====Case and Number==== | ||
Peshpeg's three-way split in its morphological alignment underlies its nominal case-number system. Thus, the case-number system reflects the nominal system's animacy hierarchy. A nominative-accusative pattern is observed among Class I nouns, an ergative-absolutive pattern in Class II nouns, and a direct marking in its Class III nouns. The nominative-accusative pattern in Class I nouns marks direct objects with the submorpheme ''-j-''. The ergative-absolutive system is distinguished by the submorpheme ''-d-'' for ergative arguments. Class III nouns do not distinguish agent-patient roles, reflecting the direct alignment of these nouns. | Peshpeg's three-way split in its morphological alignment underlies its nominal case-number system. Thus, the case-number system reflects the nominal system's animacy hierarchy. A nominative-accusative pattern is observed among Class I nouns, an ergative-absolutive pattern in Class II nouns, and a direct marking pattern in its Class III nouns. The nominative-accusative pattern in Class I nouns marks direct objects with the submorpheme ''-j-''. The ergative-absolutive system is distinguished by the submorpheme ''-d-'' for ergative arguments. Class III nouns do not distinguish agent-patient roles, reflecting the direct alignment of these nouns. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
| Line 590: | Line 590: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | ||
|+ ''' | |+ '''Verb Template of ''-mb-'' ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Object !! Subject !! | ! Object !! Subject !! Root !! Tense !! Mood | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 612: | Line 612: | ||
*gu-, -g- | *gu-, -g- | ||
*gi-, -g- | *gi-, -g- | ||
| - | | -mb- | ||
| | | | ||
*-ji- | *-ji- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Class III | ! Class III | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |jorunki <br/>jorunkik | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ijorunki <br/>ijorunkik | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ijorunki <br/>ijorunkik | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tajorunki <br/> tajorunkik | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tajorunki <br/> tajorunkik | ||
| Line 969: | Line 967: | ||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | ||
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic"> | |+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">doc-</span> "be red"''' | ||
! rowspan="4" | Person | ! rowspan="4" | Person | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 979: | Line 977: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
|| | || docni || docunti || idocni || idocunti || udocni || udocunti | ||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
|| dozi || dosti|| idozi || idosti|| udozin || udosti | |||
|- | |||
! Class I | |||
|| doc || dosti||udoc || udoci || udoz || udosti | |||
|- | |||
! Class II | |||
|| dozi || dozit || dozün || dozüt || udozin || udozüt | |||
|- | |||
! Class III | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |docunki <br/>docunkik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| idocunki <br/>idocunkik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| udocunki <br/> udocunkik | |||
|} | |||
<br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | |||
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">tava-</span> "be blue"''' | |||
! rowspan="4" | Person | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="6" | Tense | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
|| tavani || tavanti || itavani || itavanti || etavani || etavanti | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
|| | || tavasi || tavasti|| itavagi || itavasti|| etavagin || etavasti | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Class I | ! Class I | ||
|| | || tava || tavati||etava || etavai || etavagi || etavasti | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Class II | ! Class II | ||
|| | || tavagi || tavagit || tavagün || tavagüt || etavagin || etavagüt | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Class III | ! Class III | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |tavanki <br/>tavankik | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| itavanki <br/>itavankik | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| etavanki <br/> etavankik | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,007: | Line 1,035: | ||
| temon || no || Clause-initial | | temon || no || Clause-initial | ||
|- | |- | ||
| igam | | igam, bi || not || ''igam'': Clause initial; ''bi'': Clause-final | ||
|- | |- | ||
| beshlor || not || Scope-ordered, clause-final barred | | beshlor || not || Scope-ordered, clause-final barred | ||
| Line 1,058: | Line 1,086: | ||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Adjectival | ===Adjectival phrase=== | ||
Adjectives take minimal inflection, based on its position relative to its noun head. A suffix ''-em'' simply indicates the adjective is dependent on another element, and appears when the adjective follows its head. Interestingly, if a periphrastic verb construction appears immediately after the adjective, the adjective is displaced and must appear before its noun head. A connective ''mon'' surfaces between the pre-nominal adjective and its noun. This rule does not apply with synthetic verbs, however, following the default noun-adjective order, wherein the ''-em'' suffix obligatorily surfaces. | Adjectives take minimal inflection, based on its position relative to its noun head. A suffix ''-em'' simply indicates the adjective is dependent on another element, and appears when the adjective follows its head. Interestingly, if a periphrastic verb construction appears immediately after the adjective, the adjective is displaced and must appear before its noun head. A connective ''mon'' surfaces between the pre-nominal adjective and its noun. This rule does not apply with synthetic verbs, however, following the default noun-adjective order, wherein the ''-em'' suffix obligatorily surfaces. | ||