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User:Juhhmi/Irbel: Difference between revisions
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→Orthography
m (→Consonants) |
m (→Orthography) |
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*If a syllable has a front vowel as nucleus but both onset and coda not palatalized, ''h'' can be used to alter the coda instead of ''o'': ''caétaét'' [ketetʲ] (thousand) vs. ''caétaéht'' or ''caétaéto'' [ketetʰ] (fever). | *If a syllable has a front vowel as nucleus but both onset and coda not palatalized, ''h'' can be used to alter the coda instead of ''o'': ''caétaét'' [ketetʲ] (thousand) vs. ''caétaéht'' or ''caétaéto'' [ketetʰ] (fever). | ||
=== | ===Consonant graphemes=== | ||
Realization of different graphemes in a word, and * means that the grapheme is not used in the position with all . | Realization of different graphemes in a word, and * means that the grapheme is not used in the position with all . | ||
| Line 239: | Line 239: | ||
|c | |c | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|ç | |ç<sup>1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|x | |x | ||
|x | |x | ||
|* | |* | ||
|*/x | |*/x<sup>2</sup> | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|* | |* | ||
| Line 267: | Line 267: | ||
|v | |v | ||
|w | |w | ||
|* | |*<sup>3</sup> | ||
|* | |* | ||
|ɥ | |ɥ | ||
|* | |* | ||
|* | |*<sup>3</sup> | ||
|} | |} | ||
# After back vowels, ''c'' is not fully spirantized [ç], but weakly aspirated [cʰ]. Ligatures ''f'' and ''k'' are [ç] after ''a'' and ''u'' respectively. | |||
# Grapheme ''x'' [x] comes word-finally only after front vowels but it is treated as plain. | |||
# Grapheme ''v'' is only used in codas after ''a'' and ''e'' to indicate the diphthongs [ɑʊ̯] and [øy̯]. | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
| Line 284: | Line 284: | ||
!Phoneme | !Phoneme | ||
!Notes | !Notes | ||
!Origin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|q | |q | ||
|kɘ | |kɘ | ||
| | | | ||
|''ce'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|d | |d | ||
|kɪ | |kɪ | ||
| | | | ||
|''cı'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|f | |f | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|After a | |After a | ||
|''ec'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|k | |k | ||
|ç | |ç | ||
|After u | |After u | ||
|''ıc'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|m | |m | ||
|n:/ɲ: | |n:/ɲ: | ||
|Between vowels | |Between vowels | ||
|''nn'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|w | |w | ||
|w:/ɥ: | |w:/ɥ: | ||
|Between back]front vowels | |Between back]front vowels | ||
|''uu'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|y | |y/ÿ | ||
|j: | |j: | ||
|Between vowels | |Between vowels | ||
|''íj'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 317: | Line 325: | ||
*Word-initial ''w'' before a back vowel is realized as [əw-] and before front vowels as [əɥ-]. Word-initial ''y'' is similarly [əj-] and ''m'' is [ən-]. In coda, ''y'' is used only after ''a'' and ''e'' for diphthongs [äɪ̯] and [ei̯] respectively | *Word-initial ''w'' before a back vowel is realized as [əw-] and before front vowels as [əɥ-]. Word-initial ''y'' is similarly [əj-] and ''m'' is [ən-]. In coda, ''y'' is used only after ''a'' and ''e'' for diphthongs [äɪ̯] and [ei̯] respectively | ||
=== | ===Vowel graphemes=== | ||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
| Line 344: | Line 352: | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Glottal fricative [h] separates pronounced vowels in pronunciation and is inserted if more than two vowels would line: ''cíu'' [cihu] (flow) vs. ''cíhuıt'' [cihutʲ] (imagine) | *Glottal fricative [h] always separates pronounced vowels in pronunciation and is inserted as grapheme ''h'' if more than two vowels would line: ''cíu'' [cihu] (flow) vs. ''cíhuıt'' [cihutʲ] (imagine) | ||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||