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The language has two main dialects, Haishi and Sontrai. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence. | The language has two main dialects, Haishi and Sontrai. The Haishi dialects may seem easier to humans or much easier to english speakers, because of the base-10 number system, lack of conjugation, and more english-like phonology, though this is a coincidence. | ||
Fruwi is a | Fruwi is a agglutinative analytic language, because while verbs may be aggluutinative, and while nouns have one suffix for plurals, the syntax generally has many unbound morphemes. Though the Haishi dialects are more isolating, they are still agglutinative and analytic. | ||
Its allignment is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%E2%80%93stative_alignment active-stative]. | Its allignment is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%E2%80%93stative_alignment active-stative]. | ||
Its word order is either SVO or SOV. While SVO is used informally, SOV is used formally. | Its word order is either SVO or SOV. While SVO is used informally, SOV is used formally. | ||
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[[File:Fruwi_Evolution_Tree.png|250px|thumb|left|Tree of the Evolution of Fruwi, starting from Early Proto-Fruwi]] | [[File:Fruwi_Evolution_Tree.png|250px|thumb|left|Tree of the Evolution of Fruwi, starting from Early Proto-Fruwi]] | ||
Early-Proto Fruwi also is made up of 7-Pre fruwi languages, not shown in the image. | Early-Proto Fruwi also is made up of 7-Pre fruwi languages, not shown in the image. | ||
The arrows indicate that the languages were not evolved from the | The arrows indicate that the languages were not evolved from the languages, but have been affected in some way, like borrowing a large amount of vocabulary, or affecting sound changes, or even affecting the name. | ||
===Etymology=== | ===Etymology=== | ||
The name of the language Fruwi, comes from Late Proto-Fruwi's own name "(ou) fruwis", which was also derived from Early Proto-Fruwi /poresa/. The word poresa presumably came from the 7 Pre-Fruwi Languages. | The name of the language Fruwi, comes from Late Proto-Fruwi's own name "(ou) fruwis", which was also derived from Early Proto-Fruwi /poresa/. The word poresa presumably came from the 7 Pre-Fruwi Languages. | ||
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The original, and larger lexicon is called: Lexicon a priori, and the words mostly come from Late Proto-Fruwi. | The original, and larger lexicon is called: Lexicon a priori, and the words mostly come from Late Proto-Fruwi. | ||
Though there is a Lexicon a posteriori, for words that come from humans, which will be adopted and evolved into every related language except Funris-ox. | Though there is a Lexicon a posteriori, for words that come from humans, which will be adopted and evolved into every related language except Funris-ox. | ||
The Lexicon a priori is split into two lexicons: Late Lexicon; for words that could have only emerged in Late Proto-Fruwi, and the Early Lexicon; For words that could have emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi. This is because many words in Fruwi & Russo & Funris do not have a syllable structure that could have evolved from Early Proto-Fruwi, but they could have emerged Late Proto-Fruwi. This is not to say the Early Lexicon words all emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi, as they could have emerged earlier or later, and the words in Late Proto-Fruwi could have also emerged later, but obviously not later. | The Lexicon a priori is split into two lexicons: Late Lexicon; for words that could have only emerged in Late Proto-Fruwi, and the Early Lexicon; For words that could have emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi. This is because many words in Fruwi <!--& Russo & Funris--> do not have a syllable structure that could have evolved from Early Proto-Fruwi, but they could have emerged Late Proto-Fruwi. This is not to say the Early Lexicon words all emerged in Early Proto-Fruwi, as they could have emerged earlier or later, and the words in Late Proto-Fruwi could have also emerged later, but obviously not later. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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| Sontrai Ban || ä || œ || e || o̞ || i || u || äe || äo || äi || äu || œi || œu || ɘi || ɘu || ɔi || ɔu | | Sontrai Ban || ä || œ || e || o̞ || i || u || äe || äo || äi || äu || œi || œu || ɘi || ɘu || ɔi || ɔu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Sontrai Tun || a~ä || ɨ || e̞ || o̞ || | | Sontrai Tun || a~ä || ɨ || e̞ || o̞ || ɪ || ʊ || äe || ao || äi || au || ɪi || ʊu || ɛi || ɛu || ɔi || ɔu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Haishi Ban || a~ä || ɑ || e̞ || o̞ || i || u || ɑɛ || äɔ || æi || äu || ɑi || ɑu || ɛi || ɛu || ɔi || ɔu | | Haishi Ban || a~ä || ɑ || e̞ || o̞ || i || u || ɑɛ || äɔ || æi || äu || ɑi || ɑu || ɛi || ɛu || ɔi || ɔu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Haishi Tun || æ || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || | | Haishi Tun || æ || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || ø || ɵi || ɵu | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Stress and intonation=== | ===Stress and intonation=== | ||
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* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/, | * The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/, | ||
* Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/ | ** Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/ | ||
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/ | * The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/ | ||
* Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, | ** Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, has a rising intonation /↗︎/ | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
syllable structure is: (C) | syllable structure is: (C)²V(V)(C)² | ||
a more specific version is: ( | a more specific version is: (C)(A)V(V)(R)(C) & GV(V) | ||
A = //w, r, l, j// approximant | A = //w, r, l, j// approximant | ||
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* /V<sub>high</sub>, Approximant/→[V<sub>high</sub>ʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized | * /V<sub>high</sub>, Approximant/→[V<sub>high</sub>ʷ, Aʷ] near /w/, and not already bilabialized or labiodentalized | ||
** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ] | ** /wi/→[wiʷ], but: /wa/→[wa], /we/→[we], also but: /fwi/→[fwᵛiᵛ] | ||
* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical | * Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical/→ same voicing as closest consonant | ||
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬] /fru/→[ | ** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬] /fru/→[fr̊ᵛuᵛ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!''' | | colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!''' | ||
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===Romanization=== | ===Romanization=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="6" | Consonant Orthography based on Standard Fruwi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal | | Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal | ||
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| Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal | | Manner -> <br> Place v || Labial || Coronal || Medial ||Palatal || Dorsal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Special Lenis Stop || | | Special Lenis Stop || bh || dh || || || gh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Special Fortis Stop || | | Special Fortis Stop || ph || th || || || kh | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
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====Punctuation==== | ====Punctuation==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4" | Complete Punctuation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Use|| | | Use || Indicatives || Interrogatives || Imperatives | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Name in Fruwi|| | | Name in Fruwi || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Name in English|| Period || Question Mark || Explanation Mark | | Name in English || Period || Question Mark || Explanation Mark | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Punctuation || . || ? || ! | | Punctuation || . || ? || ! | ||
|} | |} | ||
* ! is not used in the same way as in English, but is used in all Imperative sentences | * ! is not used in the same way as in English, but is used in all Imperative sentences | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8" | Phrasal Punctuation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Use || Quotations|| Embedded Quotations|| Serial Lists || Coordinating Conjunctions || Interjections || Appositives || Asides | | Use || Quotations || Embedded Quotations || Serial Lists || Coordinating Conjunctions || Interjections || Appositives || Asides | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Name in Fruwi || | | Name in Fruwi || || || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Name in English|| Quotation Mark|| Single Quotation Mark || Comma || Comma || Semicolon || Virgules|| Semicolons | | Name in English || Quotation Mark || Single Quotation Mark || Comma || Comma || Semicolon || Virgules || Semicolons | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Punctuation || «TEXT» | | Punctuation || «TEXT» || «‹TEXT›TEXT» || , || , || ; || /TEXT/ || ;TEXT; | ||
|} | |} | ||
* Appositives are used in this way: | * Appositives are used in this way: | ||
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* I do not know know how Asides, Appositives, and Interjections will work except for this | * I do not know know how Asides, Appositives, and Interjections will work except for this | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" | Numeral Punctuation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Use|| Grouping|| Decimal Point | | Use || Grouping || Decimal Point | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Name in Fruwi|| || | | Name in Fruwi || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Name in English|| Comma || Semicolons | | Name in English || Comma || Semicolons | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Punctuation || 1,234,56789 || 01234;5;67890 | | Punctuation || 1,234,56789 || 01234;5;67890 | ||
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=== Articles === | === Articles === | ||
Articles start with /o/, and they combine with prepositions, which end in /o/, similar to how French combines à le into au. | Articles start with /o/, and they combine with prepositions, which end in /o/, similar to how French combines à le into au. | ||
Articles do go before nouns. | |||
Articles are given the gloss ART. | Articles are given the gloss ART. | ||
{| | {| | ||
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=== Determiners & Pronouns === | === Determiners & Pronouns === | ||
=== Collective Nouns/Classifiers === | |||
CL - means collective and/or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifier_(linguistics) classifier ] | |||
the word "kal" is the collective | |||
Articles and determiners go around the Collective if they are after it. | |||
for example: | for example: | ||
* kal mano: a group of people | * kal mano: a group of people | ||
* kal kal mano: a group of group of people | * kal kal mano: a group of group of people | ||
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=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
Nouns are only declined for number, gender, | Nouns are only declined for number, and diminutives. They already have gender inherently, so it doesn't count in my opinion. | ||
{| | {| | ||
!Number(Noun) | !Number(Noun) |
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