Geðœd: Difference between revisions

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Geðœd is an Anglian language (direct descendant of Old English)
==Classification and Dialects==
 
Geðœd (Brit.: [ji:ðy:t], Am.: [i:ðy:d]) is a fictional evolution of Old English. It is a version of English without French influence.


Geðœd's current written form is from a romanization of Middle Geðœd, which was before written in runes.
Geðœd's current written form is from a romanization of Middle Geðœd, which was before written in runes.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Line 106: Line 107:
| colspan="3" |a
| colspan="3" |a
|}
|}
=== Rhotocity ===
{| class="fandom-table"
!Phonemes
!American
!Britanic
|-
| colspan="2" |ar
|aə
|-
| colspan="2" |ər
|ə
|-
|ɛr
| rowspan="2" |ɛər
|ɛə
|-
|er
|eə
|-
| colspan="2" |œr
|œə
|-
|ɔr
| rowspan="2" |ɔər
|ɔə
|-
|or
|oə
|-
|ɪr
| rowspan="2" |ɪər
|ɪə
|-
|ir
| rowspan="2" |iə
|-
|iːr
|iər
|-
|yr
| rowspan="2" |yər
| rowspan="2" |yə
|-
|yːr
|-
|ʊr
| rowspan="2" |ʊər
|ʊə
|-
|ur
| rowspan="2" |uə
|-
|uːr
|uər
|-
|əir
|əjr
|əjə
|-
|əyr
|əyjr
|əyjə
|-
|əur
|əwr
|əwə
|}
==Writing System==
It uses the latin alphabet, minus j, w or q and adding 7 letters (æ, å, ð, œ, þ, ƿ, ȝ)
{| class="fandom-table"
!Sound
!Letter
|-
|p
|p
|-
|t
|t
|-
| rowspan="2" |tʃ
|cȝ
|-
| rowspan="2" |c*
|-
|k or tʃ
|-
|k
|k
|-
|b
|b
|-
|d
|d
|-
|dʒ~ʒ
|cg
|-
|(silent) or j
| rowspan="2" |ȝ*
|-
| rowspan="2" |j or g
|-
| rowspan="2" |g*
|-
| rowspan="2" |g
|-
|gg
|-
|f (v)
|f*
|-
|θ (ð)
|þ*
|-
|s (z)
|s*
|-
|ʃ (ʒ)
|sc
|-
|h (ɦ)
|h
|-
|v
|v
|-
|ð
|ð
|-
|z
|z
|-
|m
|m
|-
| rowspan="2" |n
|n
|-
|nh*
|-
|ŋ
|ng
|-
| rowspan="2" |l
|l
|-
|lh*
|-
| rowspan="2" |r
|r
|-
|rh*
|-
| rowspan="2" |w
|ƿ
|-
|ƿh*
|-
|ks
|x
|-
|a
| rowspan="2" |a
|-
|ə*
|-
|(j)a
|ea*
|-
|ɛ(i)
| rowspan="2" |æ*
|-
|ɛ
|-
|e
| rowspan="3" |e
|-
|ɪ
|-
|iː
|-
|œ
| rowspan="2" |œ
|-
|yː
|-
|ɔ(u)
| rowspan="2" |å*
|-
|ɔ
|-
|o
| rowspan="3" |o
|-
|ʊ
|-
|uː
|-
|i
| rowspan="2" |i
|-
|əi
|-
|y
| rowspan="2" |y, ie*
|-
|əy
|-
|u
| rowspan="3" |u
|-
|əu
|}
* c and g, when before vowels written with e, y or i (e, i, y, ie, ea) are pronounced like [tʃ, j], to put this "softened" sounds, you used to put ȝ after it, but now gȝ becomes ȝ, so only cȝ is used for the sound [tʃ] after a, o, u, æ, œ, å or when alone in the coda.
* ȝ is read as [j] when in the onset, in the coda is silent, to put [j] in the coda, g is used independently of what the vowel before was, to put [g], you repeat the g (Mågg [mɔg] vs Mæg [mɛj])
* f, þ and s can be pronounce as voiced if they come beetween 2 vowels or a vowel and a voiced sound, but if this occurs beetween words, then the writing wont convey it.
* "nh", "lh", "rh" and "ƿh" are purely etymological, so is it "ie" and "ea" but only when pronounced [a]
* æ and å are pronounce as diphthongs only in the british dialect, and at the ends of words.
* ea is normally pronounced [a] after labial consonants, otherwise it's pronounced [ja]
In the middle language, each vowel came in short and long form except 2 and 3 of them had a special rediced form, now this is only done in the orthography
{| class="fandom-table"
!
!i
!y
!ie
!u
!e
!œ
!o
!æ
!a
!ea
!å
|-
!Reduced
! colspan="4" |
|ĕ > ɪ
!
|ŏ > ʊ
! rowspan="2" |
|ă > ə
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|-
!Short
|i > ɪ (Am.)
| colspan="2" |y > ʏ (Am.)
|u > ʊ (Am.)
|e > ɛ (Am.)
|ø > œ
|o > ɔ (Am.)
|a
|-
!Long
|i: > əi
| colspan="2" |y: > əy
|u: > əu
|e: > i:
|ø: > y:
|o: > u:
|ɛ: > ɛ (Am.), ɛi/ɛ (Brit.)
!
|a: > ja/a
|ɔ: > ɔ (Am.),
ɔu/ɔ (Brit.)
|}
==Grammar==
===Verbs===
Geðœd has 2 types of verbs: strong and weak
Every verb can have 2 up to 4 stems.
{| class="fandom-table"
! colspan="2" |
!Present
!Past
|-
! rowspan="4" |Indicative
!1st Person
|1-e
|2-
|-
!2nd Person
|1*-(e)st
|2*-(e)st
|-
!3rd Person
|1*-(e)þ/ð
|2*-(e)þ/ð
|-
!Plural
|1-aþ/ði
|2-on
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Singular
|1-e
|2*-e
|-
!Plural
|1-en
|2*-en
|-
! rowspan="2" |Anachronic
!Participle
| colspan="2" |1-ende
|-
!Infinitive
| colspan="2" |1-(a)n
|}
The citation form is thusly:
'''Infinitive (Root 1)''', ''3rd'' ''Person Indicative Present (Root 1*)'', '''1st Person Indicative Past (Root 2)''', ''Subjunctive Past Singular (Root 2*)''
Roots 1* and 2* are optional, if not given, Roots 1 and 2 are used.
Weak Verbs are conjugated the same way but use the same root as Present Form and the suffix -de (-de, -dest, -deþ, -don, -de, -den)
{| class="fandom-table"
! colspan="2" |cȝœzan, cieþ, ceas, cure - to choose
!Present
!Past
|-
! rowspan="4" |Indicative
!1st Person
|cȝœz-e
|ceas-
|-
!2nd Person
|cie-st
|cur-est
|-
!3rd Person
|cie-þ
|cur-ð
|-
!Plural
|cȝœz-að
|ceaz-on
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Singular
|cȝœz-e
|cur-e
|-
!Plural
|cȝœz-en
|cur-en
|-
! rowspan="2" |Anachronic
!Participle
| colspan="2" |cȝœz-ende
|-
!Infinitive
| colspan="2" |cȝœz-an
|}
{| class="fandom-table"
! colspan="2" |secgan, sagð, sagde - to say, to tell
!Present
!Past
|-
! rowspan="4" |Indicative
!1st Person
|secg-e
|sag-de
|-
!2nd Person
|sag-st
|sag-dest
|-
!3rd Person
|sag-ð
|sag-deþ
|-
!Plural
|secg-að
|sag-don
|-
! rowspan="2" |Subjunctive
!Singular
|secg-e
|sag-de
|-
!Plural
|secg-en
|sag-den
|-
! rowspan="2" |Anachronic
!Participle
| colspan="2" |secg-ende
|-
!Infinitive
| colspan="2" |secg-an
|}
===Nouns===
Nouns can be either Strong or Weak
Nouns declinate for 4 cases (Nom., Acc., Gen. and Dat.) and 2 numbers (Sin. and Plu.)
{| class="fandom-table"
!
! colspan="3" |Strong
! colspan="2" |Weak
! rowspan="2" |Irregular
|-
!
!Masc.
!Neut.
!Fem.
!Masc.
!Fem.
|-
!Nom. Sing.
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | -∅
| -(o)
| -(a)
| -e
| rowspan="5" | -
|-
!Acc. Sing.
| rowspan="3" | -e
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | -an
|-
!Gen. and Dat. Sing.
| colspan="2" | -es
|-
!Nom. and Acc. Plu.
| -as
| -(o)
|-
!Gen. Plu.
| colspan="3" | -a
| colspan="2" | -ena
|-
!Dat. Plu.
| colspan="3" | -an
| colspan="2" | -om
| -m
|}
===  Adjectives ===
Adjectives long ago had gender, but now they dont inflect for gender, they conjugate the same as weak nouns, but the nominative singular form ussually comes for the strong form and thusly can be kinda irregular.
{| class="fandom-table"
! rowspan="3" |
!Blue
!Noble
!Black
!Human
!Pretty
!Ready
|-
!Normal
!Weak Nom.
!Changes Ortho
!Strong Nom.
!-ig Adj.
!-o Adj.
|-
!Blåƿ
!Aðela
!Blac
!Mensc
!Pratig
!Ȝaro
|-
!Nom. Sing.
|Blåƿ
|Aðela
|Blac
|'''Mensc'''
|'''Pratig'''
|'''Ȝaro'''
|-
!Non-Nom.
|Blåƿan
|Aðelan
|Blacan
|Menscan
|Pratȝan
|Ȝarƿan
|-
!Gen. Plu.
|Blåƿena
|Aðelena
|'''Blakena'''
|Menscena
|Pratȝena
|Ȝarƿena
|-
!Dat. Plu.
|Blåƿom
|Aðelom
|Blacom
|Menscom
|Pratȝom
|Ȝarƿom
|}
=== Pronouns ===
Pronouns have 3 forms (the Accusative and dative forms are the same)
{| class="fandom-table"
!
!1st S
!2nd S
!1st P
!2nd P
!3rd M
!3rd F
!3rd P/N
!3rd Person
(Archaic Neutral)
|-
!Nom.
|Icȝ
|Þu
|Ƿe
|Ge
|He
|Hœ
|Þeg
| rowspan="3" |It
|-
!Acc.
|Me
|Þe
|Us
|Œu
|His
|Hie
|Þem
|-
!Gen.
|Min
|Þin
|Ure
|Œwer
|Him
|Hier
|Þeir
|}
=== Articles ===
{| class="fandom-table"
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nom. & Acc.
|þa, þat*
|þå
|-
!Gen
|þas
|þår
|-
!Dat.
| colspan="2" |þåm
|}
* þat is an archaism, now replaced by þa
===Syntax===
Although SVO order is the most normal for affirmative and negative sentences, Theme first order is possible when one of them is singular, when both are plural, SVO takes over, for questions VSO order is the most common.
In imperative statements, the subject is ommited but the verb is still conjugated, if neccesary, a nominative pronoun can be inserted after the verb, also the imperative is used for immeadiate actions.
Cȝallast! [tʃaləst] - (You) call!
Cȝallað! [tʃaləð] - (He/She/They) call!
Cȝallað hœ! [tʃaləð hy:] - She('ll) call!
Cȝaliað! [tʃaljəð] - (We/You/They) call!
Cȝaliað Ƿe! [tʃaljəð wi:] - We('ll) call!
==Lexicon==
=== Numbers ===
Number have a shaky declination, vhile numbers above 3 don't decline, 1, 2 and 3 have a simplified declension
{| class="fandom-table"
!
!One
!Two
!Three
!Four
!Five
!Six
!Seven
!Eight
!Nine
!Ten
!Eleven
!Twelve
|-
!Nom/Acc
|Ån
|Tƿå
|Þrœ [θry:]
| rowspan="3" |Fœƿer
[fyːwɪr]
| rowspan="3" |Fif
[fəif]
| rowspan="3" |Six
| rowspan="3" |Sœvon
| rowspan="3" |Aȝta
Brit.: [at:a]
Am.: [jata]
| rowspan="3" |Nigon
| rowspan="3" |Tyn
[təyn]
| rowspan="3" |Enlœvan
| rowspan="3" |Tƿelv
|-
!Gen
|Ånes
|Tƿår
|Þrœr [θryə(r)]
|-
!Dat
|Ånan
|Tƿåm
|Þrim
|}
Numbers beetween 13 and 19 are done with the Nominative version of the number + tyn [tyn]
Outside of Tƿentig "twenty", tens are made via the suffix -tig [tɪ(j)], and tens are put before units (69: Sixtig nigon)
The word Hundred, functions in much the same way that its cognate in english and so does Þuzend [θəuzɪnd]
=== Months ===
Every year is split in 2, 6 months of Winter, 6 months of Summer, however Geðœd speakers use the Julian Calendar now.
{| class="fandom-table"
!Winter
|Ƿinter
|Sumor
!Summer
|-
!October
|Ƿinterfyll
|Eastermonð
[jastɪrmu:nð]
!April
|-
!November
|Blotmonð
[blu:tmu:nð]
|Þrimilcȝ
!May
|-
!Yule
|Ȝola
[ju:lə]
|Lida
[ləidə]
!Lide
|-
!December
|Ærȝola
[ɛrju:lə]
|Ærlida
[ɛrləidə]
!June
|-
!January
|Afterȝola
[aftɪrju:lə]
|Afterlida
[aftɪrləidə]
!July
|-
!February
|Solmonð
[solmu:nð]
|Ƿœdmomð
[wy:dmu:nð]
!August
|-
!March
|Rheðmonð
[ri:ðmu:nð]
|Harvestmonð
[harvɪstmu:nð]
!September
|}
==Example text==
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Eallan menscan gescafte bœþ boren frœ and gelicȝ in ƿœrþscip and riȝtan. Þeg bœþ gievað ƿiþ intinga and ingehyȝd and scoldon dæd toƿeard ån ånoðer in gåst of broðoræden.
All-PLU men-ish-PL creation-PL to.be.pr-3S born free and alike in worth-ship and right-PL. they.NOM to.be.pr-3S give-3S with contiense and inteligence and should-PL.PAST deed towards one another in spirit of brother-hood
[jalən menʃən (j)ɪʃaftɪ byːð͜ borɪn fryː and (j)ɪləitʃ in wœrθʃɪp and rəitən θej byːθ (j)yvað wið͜ intiŋɡa and injɪhəyd and ʃoldʊn dɛd tuːwart ɔn ɔnuːðɪr in ɡɔst ov͜ bruːðʊrɛdɪn]
ManuStorm
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