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Aydın Baykara
Joined 30 March 2023
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According to the meaning they add to the derived nouns, English suffixes can be grouped in to e.g.: nomina acti, nomina actionis, nomina agentis (acting), nomina patientis (affected), noun loci (place); result/product of act for real and abstract objects, result as process etc. These groups are shown in the second column (Level 2) of the above table. However, we can see that there is not a different noun created from the same verbal root by different suffix groups "aya, "aşa" (also aha, ada" and “afa”). Even it seems sometimes so as for "expectation via expectancy" the meaning remains almost the same. It means, we can use one suffix only instead of those four. (Seemingly different meanings by different suffixes allocated to the root verb, not to the suffix, accordingly no need for such suffix diversity.) | According to the meaning they add to the derived nouns, English suffixes can be grouped in to e.g.: nomina acti, nomina actionis, nomina agentis (acting), nomina patientis (affected), noun loci (place); result/product of act for real and abstract objects, result as process etc. These groups are shown in the second column (Level 2) of the above table. However, we can see that there is not a different noun created from the same verbal root by different suffix groups "aya, "aşa" (also aha, ada" and “afa”). Even it seems sometimes so as for "expectation via expectancy" the meaning remains almost the same. It means, we can use one suffix only instead of those four. (Seemingly different meanings by different suffixes allocated to the root verb, not to the suffix, accordingly no need for such suffix diversity.) | ||
So, in ABCL for the Level 1 we will have lessened suffixes of the groups: 1. "aya" for result/ product of act as real object normally. (nomina acti-quantitative). But sometimes abstract objects included in this category, if the meaning is modified in daily speech as “knowledge”) 2. Suffixes "ama" and "ana" will be merged to "ana" indicating the subject of the act (independently person or thing) only. (nomina agentis) 3. Passive subject suffix "asa" remains as it is. (nomina patientis) 4. Merged suffix is "aça" including also "aca" which denotes the place. (noun loci) 5. The groups "afa" standing for "-ing" (gerund-nomina actions) and “aha” (nomina acti-qualitative, “ada” (nomina actions), suffixes naming the action itself by the name with the form CVC.CV (VCVkkV or VCVllV for verbs derived from adjectives), which means that the last two letters of the verb will be reversed and so suffixed to the verb. This specific type of derived noun has five letters differently of others with six letters in CVCaC*a format. For the abstract deverbal nouns the scheme CVC.CV will be applied, but not for tangible nouns | So, in ABCL for the Level 1 we will have lessened suffixes of the groups: 1. "aya" for result/ product of act as real object normally. (nomina acti-quantitative). But sometimes abstract objects included in this category, if the meaning is modified in daily speech as “knowledge”) 2. Suffixes "ama" and "ana" will be merged to "ana" indicating the subject of the act (independently person or thing) only. (nomina agentis) 3. Passive subject suffix "asa" remains as it is. (nomina patientis) 4. Merged suffix is "aça" including also "aca" which denotes the place. (noun loci) 5. The groups "afa" standing for "-ing" (gerund-nomina actions) and “aha” (nomina acti-qualitative, “ada” (nomina actions), suffixes naming the action itself by the name with the form CVC.CV (VCVkkV or VCVllV for verbs derived from adjectives), which means that the last two letters of the verb will be reversed and so suffixed to the verb. This specific type of derived noun has five letters differently of others with six letters in CVCaC*a format. For the abstract deverbal nouns the scheme CVC.CV will be applied, but not for tangible nouns (for things, e.g. bedding, passage) principally. | ||
As stated already for the often-used words we don’t use derived ones but created new if it suits with the existing noun categories. E.g. for to the verb “know=bon” related noun “knowledge”, instead of derived “bonaya”, created noun “bonku” will be used. | As stated already for the often-used words we don’t use derived ones but created new if it suits with the existing noun categories. E.g. for to the verb “know=bon” related noun “knowledge”, instead of derived “bonaya”, created noun “bonku” will be used. | ||
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!'''ABCL Suffix L1'''||||'''ABCL Suffix L2'''||||'''Examp.: ABCL noun L2'''||'''English Suffix'''||'''Some English Nouns (Examples)''' | !'''ABCL Suffix L1'''||||'''ABCL Suffix L2'''||||'''Examp.: ABCL noun L2'''||'''English Suffix'''||'''Some English Nouns (Examples)''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|_'''da''' | |_'''da'''|| || _da|| || salma.da ''(for abstract nouns)''|| _hood,_ness,_ity||''motherhood'', friendship, military, kingdom | ||
|- | |- | ||
|_da|| || _ha|| || | |_da|| || _ha|| ||sinhe.ha|| ||''spectacles'', woodshed, cucumber, Spielzeug(German) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|_da|| || _ya|| || | |_da|| || _ya|| ||salma.ya ''(diminutiv)''||-y/-n/-en/-on,-ling,-ette ||''mummy'', doggy, chicken, kitten, maiden, darling, diskette | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''' | |'''_ba'''|| || _va|| ||pespo.va (sulpo) ''(affiliation to people- group)''||-ian/-er/-man/-ist ||''politician'', librarian, musician, porter, fireman, artist, dentist, racist, Buddhist, atheist | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |_ba|| || _sa|| ||Türkiye.sa||-ish/-ian/-an/-er/-se||''Turkish'', Algerian, Roman, Chinese (citizen of that country) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |_ba|| || _ba|| ||sölce.ba||_ish,_ien,_an,(e)r||''citizen'', villager, republican, English, German (folk) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''_ta''' | |_ba|| || _ra|| ||vatne.ra / sülne||_eer||''engineer'' | ||
|- | |||
|'''_ta'''|| || _ta|| ||banba.ta ''(relating to a branch, area)''||_logy,_nomy,_graphy||''biology'', psychology, astronomy, stenography, geography, photography | |||
|- | |||
|'''_ga'''|| || _ga|| ||pasna.ga; pisrö.ga||_ism||''nationalism; racism'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
||| || -|| ||||country name||as in the original language, not in English | ||| || -|| ||||country name||as in the original language, not in English | ||
|- | |- | ||
||| || | |Suffix replaced by compound words|| ||such as || ||"heat gauge"|| -meter||thermometer | ||
|} | |} | ||
For the similar consideration as the deverbal noun derivation above, ABCL will have the suffix "da" for the suffixes of the Level 2 “da, ha, ya”; the suffix "ba" for "ba, va, ra, sa"(all human related), “ga” for “_ism” and "ta" for scientific nouns. | For the similar consideration as the deverbal noun derivation above, ABCL will have the suffix "da" for the suffixes of the Level 2 “da, ha, ya”; the suffix "ba" for "ba, va, ra, sa"(all human related), “ga” for “_ism” and "ta" for scientific nouns. | ||