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Fruwi: Difference between revisions
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→Allophony: very minor
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| Haishi Tun || æ || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || ø || ɵi || ɵu | | Haishi Tun || æ || ʌ || e̞ || o || i || ʉ || ɑe || ao || äi || au || ʌi || ʌu || ei || ø || ɵi || ɵu | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Stress and intonation=== | === Stress and intonation === | ||
All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian. | All syllables are pronounced as the same length; there is no Lexical stress. This is similar to French and Georgian. | ||
Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed. | Though, when prosodic stress is involved, the first syllable of the prosodical word becomes extra stressed. | ||
==== Interrogatives ==== | |||
* The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/, | * The word for what, '''<>''', has a rising intonation /↗︎/, | ||
** Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/ | ** Though, if it is the subject of a sentence, everything on from the verb has a falling intonation /↘︎/ | ||
* The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/ | * The words for yes and no, '''<>''', both have a falling intonation /↘︎/ | ||
** Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, has a rising intonation /↗︎/ | ** Though, the final "or not", '''<>''', found in yes-no questions, has a rising intonation /↗︎/ | ||
==== Determiners ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Prosodic stress for disambiguating sentences: | |||
|- | |||
| 1) | |||
| ''Everything'' > something | |||
| 2) | |||
| Everything > ''something'' | |||
|- | |||
| ∃y∀x P(x, y) | |||
| ''Ada'' > Anón | |||
| ∀x∃y P(x, y) | |||
| Ada > ''Anón'' | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" | For something, everything > it | |||
| colspan="2" | For everything, it > something | |||
|- | |||
| 1) | |||
| ''Every'' dog loves some toys | |||
| 2) | |||
| Every dog loves ''some'' toys | |||
|- | |||
| ∃y∈Toy∀x∈Dog Love(x, y) | |||
| ''ada'' DOG LOVE anón TOY | |||
| ∀x∈Dog∃y∈Toy Love(x, y) | |||
| ada DOG LOVE ''anón'' TOY | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" | For something (Toy), everything (Dog) loves it | |||
| colspan="2" | For everything (Dog) , it loves something (Toy) | |||
|} | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
syllable structure is: (C)²V(V)(C)² | syllable structure is: (C)²V(V)(C)² | ||
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| Haishi Tun: | | Haishi Tun: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" | | | colspan="3" | Palatal shifting | ||
* /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/ | * /ŋ, k, kʰ/ → [ɲ, c, cʰ] near /j, i, e/ | ||
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /ki/ → [ci], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ] | ** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /ki/ → [ci], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ] | ||
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ik/ → [ic], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ] | ** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ik/ → [ic], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ] | ||
** /kʰja/ → [cʰja], /kja/ → [cja], /ŋja/ → [ɲj̃ã] | ** /kʰja/ → [cʰja], /kja/ → [cja], /ŋja/ → [ɲj̃ã] | ||
| colspan="2" | | * /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/ | ||
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/ | |||
| colspan="2" | Palatal shifting | |||
* /ŋ, k, g/ → [ɲ, c, ɟ] near /j, i, e/ | * /ŋ, k, g/ → [ɲ, c, ɟ] near /j, i, e/ | ||
** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ] | ** /kʰi/ → [cʰi], /gi/ → [ɟi], /ŋi/ → [ɲĩ] | ||
** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ] | ** /ikʰ/ → [icʰ], /ig/ → [iɟ], /iŋ/ → [ĩɲ] | ||
** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)] | ** /kʰj(V)/ → [cʰj(V)], /gj(V)/ → [ɟj(V)], /ŋj/ → [ɲj̃(Ṽ)] | ||
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/ | |||
* /l/→[ʎ] near /j, i, e/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Approximants | | Approximants | ||
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/ | * /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/ | ||
* /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/ | * /l/→[ʟ] near /w, u, o/ | ||
| Approximants | | Approximants | ||
* /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/ | * /r/→[ɻ] next to /ʂ, ʐ/ | ||
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/ | * /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/ | ||
| Approximants | | Approximants | ||
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/ | * /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/ | ||
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/ | * /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/ | ||
| Approximants | | Approximants | ||
* /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/ | * /w/ → [ẅ] near /i, e/ | ||
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ/ | * /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ/ | ||
* /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/ | * /l/→[ɫ] near /w, u, o/ | ||
| Approximants | | Approximants | ||
* /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ, t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/ | * /r/→[ɹ̠ʲ] next to /ʃ, ʒ, t̆ʃ, d̆ʒ/ | ||
* /l/→[ɔ] near /w, u, o/ | * /l/→[ɔ] near /w, u, o/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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** /oŋ/→[õɴ] | ** /oŋ/→[õɴ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan = "3" | Labials | | colspan="3" | Labials | ||
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/ | * /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, p, pʰ, ɸ, β/ | ||
** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi] | ** /ɸru/→[ɸrᵝuᵝ], but: /ɸruwi/→[ɸrᵝuᵝwi] | ||
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* Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant | * Syllable: /Approximant, Trill, Radical, Vowel/→ same voicing as closest consonant | ||
** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ] | ** /sr/→[sr̊], /zr/→[zr̬], /ɸru/→[ɸr̊ᵝůᵝ] | ||
| colspan = "2" | Labials | | colspan="2" | Labials | ||
* /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/ | * /C, V/→[Cᵝ, Vᵝ] near /m, b, pʰ/ | ||
** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi] | ** /bɹu/→[bɹᵝuᵝ], but: /bɹuwi/→[bɹᵝuᵝwi] | ||
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| colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!''' | | colspan="5" | '''Be careful, rounding is not bilabializing or labiodentalizing!''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
===Morphophonotactics=== | ===Morphophonotactics=== | ||