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Anbirese: Difference between revisions
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Flijeon River | Flijeon River | ||
Andaegol | |||
Mjeolnir -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology? | Mjeolnir -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology? | ||
brjedjeong | brjedjeong | ||
==Phonology== | |||
Old Anbirese and Old Ciètian both underwent the so-called Anbirese spirantization of [[Tigol]] aspirated stops: ''p ṗ t ṫ c ċ'' /pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ kʰ gʰ/ > OAnb /f v θ ð x ɣ/. Modern Anbirese subsequently shifted /θ/ to unaspirated ''t'' /t/, /t/ (from Tigol ''d'') to ''θ'' /tʰ/, /ð/ to ''z'' /z/, and deleted /ɣ/. | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
Anbirese has about 33 consonants: | |||
*/k g x ŋ/ | |||
*/tɕ d͡ʑ tɕʰ ɲ/ | |||
*/t d tʰ z (ʑ) n/ | |||
*/p b f v m/ | |||
*/pʲ bʲ fʲ vʲ mʲ/ | |||
*/s ɕ ɧ h/ | |||
*/ɾ ɾʲ ɹ j ɴ̆/ [w] | |||
Anbirese has phonetic palatalization, indicated by writing ''Cj''. Anbirese makes a distinction between palatalized consonants (written ''Cj'') and iotated consonants (written ''Clj''): | |||
* ''mjeg'' /mʲeg/ = to cover (cognate to Eevo ''mee'' 'to hide'); ''mljeg'' /mʲjeg/ = to sell (cognate to Eevo ''mleend'' 'shop') | |||
* ''sjeong'' 'sky', ''sljeong'' 'blossom, bloom' | |||
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants. | |||
/t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized). | |||
===Notation=== | |||
====Radical consonants==== | |||
*k g ng /k g ŋ/ | |||
*kj χj ngj /tɕ ɕ ɲ/ | |||
*t θ n /t tʰ n/ | |||
*tj θj nj /tɕ tɕʰ ɲ/ | |||
*c cj /ts tɕ/ | |||
*p f m /p f m/ | |||
*pj fj mj /pʲ fʲ mʲ/ | |||
*s sj/stj/skj h /s ɧ h/ | |||
*r l lj j /r ɴ̆ l j/ | |||
At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased. | |||
====Lenited consonants==== | |||
*g γ /g Ø/ | |||
*gj γj /d͡ʑ j/ | |||
*d z /d z/ | |||
*dj zj /d͡ʑ ɹ/ | |||
*dz dzj /dz d͡ʑ/ | |||
*b v /b v/ | |||
*bj vj /bʲ vʲ/ | |||
====Eclipsed consonants==== | |||
*ng ngh /ŋ ŋʰ/ | |||
*nj nhj /ɲ ɲʰ/ | |||
*n nh /n nʰ/ | |||
*m mh mj mhj /m mʰ mʲ mʲʰ/ | |||
===Mutations=== | |||
Anbirese has 3 types of mutations: lenition, eclipsis, and h-prothesis. | |||
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ '''Consonant mutations''' | |||
|- | |||
!|grapheme | |||
|''m''||''p''||''f''||''t''||''θ''||''c''||''s''<sup>*</sup>||''z''||''k''||''ch''||''0, j'' | |||
|- | |||
!|soft | |||
|''ng''||''b''||''h''||''z''||''d''||''dz''||''0''||''-''||''g''||''0''||''-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|nasal | |||
|''-''||''m''||''v''||''nh''||''n''||''-''||''z''||''-''||''ng''||''ngh''||''n(j)-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|h-prothesis | |||
|''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''-''||''h(j)-'' | |||
|} | |||
Null-initial words may get h-prothesis after certain words. | |||
<sup>*</sup>The clusters written ''sp'', ''st'', ''sk'' do not mutate. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ci ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji cji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi ɲi]. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" |Back | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''u''' /ü/ | |||
| '''eu''' [ɨ] | |||
| '''o''' /o~u/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/ | |||
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/ | |||
| '''eo''' [ə] | |||
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a''' /ɐ/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||