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The citation form of verbs is generally ''infinitive, present, past''. | The citation form of verbs is generally ''infinitive, present, past''. | ||
Doidhesh verbs do not conjugate for person or number. | Doidhesh verbs do not conjugate for person or number. | ||
Verbs are conjugated for three aspects, three tenses, and three voices. | Verbs are conjugated for three aspects, three tenses, and three voices. | ||
Tenses are marked by the verb form: | Tenses are marked by the verb form: | ||
*Present: Uses present form. | *Present: Uses present form. | ||
Line 1,097: | Line 1,094: | ||
*Future: Uses future form. | *Future: Uses future form. | ||
**This is formed by replacing the final ''-n'' of the infinitive with ''-d''. | **This is formed by replacing the final ''-n'' of the infinitive with ''-d''. | ||
Aspects are marked with particles preceding the verb: | Aspects are marked with particles preceding the verb: | ||
*Imperfective: No marker | *Imperfective: No marker | ||
*Perfective: ''poi/pœ'' | *Perfective: ''poi/pœ'' | ||
*Habitual: ''bed'' | *Habitual: ''bed'' | ||
Voices are marked with particles preceding the aspect marker: | Voices are marked with particles preceding the aspect marker: | ||
*Active: No marker | *Active: No marker | ||
*Middle: ''toun/tón'' | *Middle: ''toun/tón'' | ||
*Passive: ''maudh/máþ'' | *Passive: ''maudh/máþ'' | ||
Note that subject pronouns are obligatory, and they come before the voice marker. | |||
In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb'' | |||
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====Examples of verbs==== | |||
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====='''Class 1 regular - ''kantaar'' "to sing"'''===== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''kantaar'' "to sing" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| kantaar | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| kantaant | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| kantaat | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! jou | |||
| kant || kante || kantaai || kantase || | |||
|- | |||
! tu | |||
| kants || kantes || kantaas || kantases || kant | |||
|- | |||
! el/elle/lou | |||
| kantet || kantet || kantaat || kantaset || | |||
|- | |||
! noes/noezeuts | |||
| kantens || kantens || kantaans || kantasens || | |||
|- | |||
! woes/woezeuts/os | |||
| kantets || kantets || kantaats || kantasets || kantets | |||
|- | |||
! els/elzeuts | |||
| kanten || kanten || kantaan || kantasen || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====='''Class 2a regular - ''perijr'' "to perish"'''===== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''perijr'' "to perish" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| perijr | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| perissent | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| perijt | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! jou | |||
| peris || perisse || perij || perise || | |||
|- | |||
! tu | |||
| perisses || perisses || perijs || perises || peris | |||
|- | |||
! el/elle/lou | |||
| perist || perisset || perijt || periset || | |||
|- | |||
! noes/noezeuts | |||
| perissens || perissens || perijns || perisens || | |||
|- | |||
! woes/woezeuts/os | |||
| perissets || perissets || perijts || perisets || perissets | |||
|- | |||
! els/elzeuts | |||
| perissen || perissen || perijn || perisen || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====='''Class 2b regular - ''doermijr'' "to sleep"'''===== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''doermijr'' "to sleep" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| doermijr | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| doerment | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| doermijt | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! jou | |||
| doerm || doerme || doermij || doermise || | |||
|- | |||
! tu | |||
| doerms || doermes || doermijs || doermises || doerm | |||
|- | |||
! el/elle/lou | |||
| doermt || doermet || doermijt || doermiset || | |||
|- | |||
! noes/noezeuts | |||
| doermens || doermens || doermijns || doermisens || | |||
|- | |||
! woes/woezeuts/os | |||
| doermets || doermets || doermijts || doermisets || doermets | |||
|- | |||
! els/elzeuts | |||
| doermen || doermen || doermijn || doermisen || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====='''Class 3 regular - ''weinder'' "to sell"'''===== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''weinder'' "to sell" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| weinder | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| weindent | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| weindet | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! jou | |||
| weind || weinde || weindui || weinduse || | |||
|- | |||
! tu | |||
| weinds || weindes || weinduus || weinduses || weind | |||
|- | |||
! el/elle/lou | |||
| weindt || weindet || weinduust || weinduset || | |||
|- | |||
! noes/noezeuts | |||
| weindens || weindens || weinduuns || weindusens || | |||
|- | |||
! woes/woezeuts/os | |||
| weindets || weindets || weinduuts || weindusets || weindets | |||
|- | |||
! els/elzeuts | |||
| weinden || weinden || weinduun || weindusen || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====='''Irregular - ''dijr'' "to say"'''====== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''dijr'' "to say" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| dijr | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| disent | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| dit | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! jou | |||
| dijs || dise || disui || disuse || | |||
|- | |||
! tu | |||
| dises || dises || disuus || disuses || dij | |||
|- | |||
! el/elle/lou | |||
| dijst || diset || disuust || disuset || | |||
|- | |||
! noes/noezeuts | |||
| disens || disens || disuuns || disusens || | |||
|- | |||
! woes/woezeuts/os | |||
| disets || disets || disuuts || disusets || disets | |||
|- | |||
! els/elzeuts | |||
| disen || disen || disuun || disusen || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
--> | --> | ||
====='''Irregular - ''wezen'' "to be"'''===== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''wezen'' "to be" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| wezen | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| wezend | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| böün | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| öm || rowspan="3"| böü || wäs || rowspan="3"| wiere || | |||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| ärt || wäst || böü | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| is || wäs || | |||
|- | |||
! P | |||
| zind || böün || wieren || wieren || böüt | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====='''Irregular: ''habben'' "to have"'''===== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Conjugation of ''habben'' "to have" | |||
! colspan="3"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| habben | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| habbend | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"| Past participle | |||
| colspan="3"| häd | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| häbbe || rowspan="3"| häbbe || hädde || rowspan="3"| hädde || | |||
|- | |||
! 2SI | |||
| häst || häddest || haaf | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| hät || hädde || | |||
|- | |||
! P | |||
| habben || häbben || hädden || hädden || habbet | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== |
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