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Voltch (view source)

Revision as of 10:43, 29 June 2024

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→‎Class 3
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Line 237: Line 237:
|-
|-
| '''ie'''
| '''ie'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/iə̯/}}
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/iə̯, i̯ɪ/}}
|-
|-
| '''ij'''
| '''ij'''
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|-
|-
| '''ue'''
| '''ue'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/uə̯/}}
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/uə̯, u̯ʊ/}}
|-
|-
| '''ui'''
| '''ui'''
Line 294: Line 294:
|-
|-
| '''üe'''
| '''üe'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|/yə̯/}}
| colspan="2"| {{IPA|/yə̯, y̆ʏ/}}
|-
|-
| '''üü'''
| '''üü'''
Line 519: Line 519:
| '''Y y''' || ɡreike ij || [ˈɡɾiːkə ʔɪi̯]
| '''Y y''' || ɡreike ij || [ˈɡɾiːkə ʔɪi̯]
|-
|-
| ('''IJ ij''') || longe ij || [ˈlɔŋə ʔɪi̯]
| ('''IJ ij''') || loange ij || [ˈlo̯aŋə ʔɪi̯]
|-
|-
| '''Z z''' || zet || [zɛtʰ]
| '''Z z''' || zet || [zɛtʰ]
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Personal pronouns
|+ Personal pronouns
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Possessive
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Possessive !! Reflexive
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| ic || mec || mei || mijn
| ic || mec || mei || mijn || meizealf
|-
|-
! 2SI
! 2SI
| duu || dec || dei || dijn
| duu || dec || dei || dijn || deizealf
|-
|-
! 3SM
! 3SM
| hei || heen || him || his
| hei || heen || him || his || himzealf
|-
|-
! 3SF
! 3SF
| höü || höü || heer || heer
| höü || höü || heer || heer || heerzealf
|-
|-
! 3SN
! 3SN
| hit || hit || him || his
| hit || hit || him || his || himzealf
|-
|-
! 1D
! 1D
| wit || oonk || oonk || oonker
| wit || oonk || oonk || oonker || oonkzealf
|-
|-
! 2D
! 2D
| jit || jeenk || jeenk || jeenker
| jit || jeenk || jeenk || jeenker || jeenkzealf
|-
! 3D
| bein || bein || biem || bier || biemzealf
|-
|-
! 1P
! 1P
| wei || uus || uus || uur
| wei || uus || uus || uur || uuszealf
|-
|-
! 2P/F
! 2P/F
| jei || jöü || jöü || jöür
| jei || jöü || jöü || jöür || jöüzealf
|-
|-
! 3P
! 3P
| hij || hij || höm || höar
| hij || hij || höm || höar || hömzealf
|-
|-
|}
|}
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| nane || nane || nanem || naner
| nane || nane || nanem || naner
|}
|}
<!--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Definite article
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive
|-
! SM
| de || dän || dem || däs
|-
! SF
| dö || dö || der || der
|-
! SN
| dät || dät || dem || däs
|-
! P
| do || do || dom || dor
|-
|}-->


{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Definite article and neutral demonstrative
|+ Definitie article and neutral demonstrative
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive
! || Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive
|-
|-
Line 952: Line 973:


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
(Note: -e- in endings is dropped after vowels)
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Strong adjective declension
|+ Strong adjective declension
Line 990: Line 1,012:
===Numerals===
===Numerals===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal
! Number !! Cardinal !! Ordinal (all wk.)
|-
|-
!0
!0
| nuecht || nuechtede
| nuecht (str. noun n. sg.) || nuechtede
|-
|-
!1
!1
| uen || ierste
| uen (str. adj. sg.) || ierste
|-
|-
!2
!2
| twue || twuede
| twue (str. adj. pl.) || twuede
|-
|-
!3
!3
| dröü || dridde
| dröü (str. adj. pl.) || dridde
|-
|-
!4
!4
Line 1,014: Line 1,036:
|-
|-
!7
!7
| zöaven || zöavede
| zöaven || zöavde
|-
|-
!8
!8
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|-
|-
!11
!11
| ellöaven || ellöavede
| ellöaven || ellöavde
|-
|-
!12
!12
Line 1,053: Line 1,075:
|-
|-
!20
!20
| tweintij || tweintijste
| tweintij || tweintijde
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
| drijtij || drijtijste
| drijtij || drijtijde
|-
|-
! 40
! 40
| vöürtij || vöürtijste
| vöürtij || vöürtijde
|-
|-
! 50
! 50
| vijftij || vijftijste
| vijftij || vijftijde
|-
|-
! 60
! 60
| zechstij || zechstijste
| zechstij || zechstijde
|-
|-
! 70
! 70
| zöaventij || zöaventijste
| zöaventij || zöaventijde
|-
|-
! 80
! 80
| ächtij || ächtijste
| ächtij || ächtijde
|-
|-
! 90
! 90
| nijntij || nijntijste
| nijntij || nijntijde
|-
|-
! 100
! 100
| hundred || hundredste
| hundred (str. noun n.) || hundredde
|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
| duuzend || duuzendste
| duuzend (str. noun n.) || duuzende
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 1,105: Line 1,127:
In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb''
In summary, a verb is formed as follows: ''subject pronoun + voice marker + aspect marker + tense-specific form of verb''
-->
-->
====Examples of verbs====
====Examples of strong verbs====
====='''Class 3 strong - ''zeengen'' "to sing"'''=====
=====Class 1=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing"
|+ Conjugation of ''bijten'' "to bite" (strong class 1)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
| colspan="3"| bijten
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
| colspan="3"| bijtend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| zoongen
| colspan="3"| ibeten
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,123: Line 1,145:
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||  
| bijte || rowspan="3"| bijte || buet || rowspan="3"| bete ||  
|-
|-
! 2SI
! 2SI
| zeengest || zaangest || zeeng
| bijtst || buetst || bijt
|-
|-
! 3S
! 3S
| zeenget || zaang ||  
| bijtet || buet ||  
|-
|-
! P
! P
| zeengen || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeenget
| bijtet || bijten || beten || beten || bijtet
|-
|-
|}
|}
<!--
=====Class 2=====
====='''Class 2a regular - ''perijr'' "to perish"'''=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''perijr'' "to perish"
|+ Conjugation of ''kröüpen'' "to crawl" (strong class 2)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| perijr
| colspan="3"| kröüpen
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| perissent
| colspan="3"| kröüpend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| perijt
| colspan="3"| ikroapen
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
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! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
|-
! jou
! 1S
| peris || perisse || perij || perise ||
| kröüpe || rowspan="3"| kröüpe || krüep || rowspan="3"| krope ||  
|-
|-
! tu
! 2SI
| perisses || perisses || perijs || perises || peris
| krijpst || krüepst || kröüp
|-
|-
! el/elle/lou
! 3S
| perist || perisset || perijt || periset ||
| krijpt || krüep ||  
|-
|-
! noes/noezeuts
! P
| perissens || perissens || perijns || perisens ||
| kröüpt || kröüpen || kropen || kropen || kröüpt
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| perissets || perissets || perijts || perisets || perissets
|-
! els/elzeuts
| perissen || perissen || perijn || perisen ||
|-
|-
|}
|}


====='''Class 2b regular - ''doermijr'' "to sleep"'''=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''doermijr'' "to sleep"
|+ Conjugation of ''bruuken'' "to use" (strong class 2)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| doermijr
| colspan="3"| bruuken
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| doerment
| colspan="3"| bruukend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| doermijt
| colspan="3"| ibroaken
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,188: Line 1,202:
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
|-
! jou
! 1S
| doerm || doerme || doermij || doermise ||
| bruuke || rowspan="3"| bruuke || brüek || rowspan="3"| broke ||  
|-
|-
! tu
! 2SI
| doerms || doermes || doermijs || doermises || doerm
| brüükst || brüekst || bruuk
|-
|-
! el/elle/lou
! 3S
| doermt || doermet || doermijt || doermiset ||
| brüükt || brüek ||  
|-
|-
! noes/noezeuts
! P
| doermens || doermens || doermijns || doermisens ||
| bruukt || bruuken || broken || broken || bruukt
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| doermets || doermets || doermijts || doermisets || doermets
|-
! els/elzeuts
| doermen || doermen || doermijn || doermisen ||
|-
|-
|}
|}


====='''Class 3 regular - ''weinder'' "to sell"'''=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''weinder'' "to sell"
|+ Conjugation of ''cöüzen'' "to choose" (strong class 2)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| weinder
| colspan="3"| cöüzen
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| weindent
| colspan="3"| cöüzend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| weindet
| colspan="3"| icoaren
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,224: Line 1,231:
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
|-
! jou
! 1S
| weind || weinde || weindui || weinduse ||
| cöüze || rowspan="3"| cöüze || cües || rowspan="3"| coze ||  
|-
|-
! tu
! 2SI
| weinds || weindes || weinduus || weinduses || weind
| cijst || cüest || cöüs
|-
|-
! el/elle/lou
! 3S
| weindt || weindet || weinduust || weinduset ||
| cijst || cües ||  
|-
|-
! noes/noezeuts
! P
| weindens || weindens || weinduuns || weindusens ||
| cöüst || cöüzen || coren || coren || cöüst
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| weindets || weindets || weinduuts || weindusets || weindets
|-
! els/elzeuts
| weinden || weinden || weinduun || weindusen ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
 
=====Class 3=====
====='''Irregular - ''dijr'' "to say"'''======
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''dijr'' "to say"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| dijr
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| disent
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| dit
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,260: Line 1,260:
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
|-
! jou
! 1S
| dijs || dise || disui || disuse ||
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||  
|-
|-
! tu
! 2SI
| dises || dises || disuus || disuses || dij
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
|-
! el/elle/lou
! 3S
| dijst || diset || disuust || disuset ||
| zeengt || zaang ||  
|-
|-
! noes/noezeuts
! P
| disens || disens || disuuns || disusens ||
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
! woes/woezeuts/os
| disets || disets || disuuts || disusets || disets
|-
! els/elzeuts
| disen || disen || disuun || disusen ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
-->
 
====='''Irregular - ''wezen'' "to be"'''=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''wezen'' "to be"
|+ Conjugation of ''healpen'' "to help" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| wezen
| colspan="3"| healpen
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wezend
| colspan="3"| healpend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| böün
| colspan="3"| ihoalpen
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,297: Line 1,290:
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| öm || rowspan="3"| böü || wäs || rowspan="3"| wiere ||  
| healpe || rowspan="3"| healpe || häälp || rowspan="3"| hoolpe ||  
|-
|-
! 2SI
! 2SI
| ärt || wäst || böü
| hilpst || häälpst || healp
|-
|-
! 3S
! 3S
| is || wäs ||  
| hilpt || häälp ||
|-
! P
| healpt || healpen || hoolpen || hoolpen || healpt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''wöarpen'' "to throw" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| wöarpen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wöarpend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iwoarpen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| wöarpe || rowspan="3"| wöarpe || wäärp || rowspan="3"| wrope ||
|-
! 2SI
| wirpst || wäärpst || wöarp
|-
! 3S
| wirpt || wäärp ||  
|-
|-
! P
! P
| zind || böün || wieren || wieren || böüt
| wöarpt || wöarpen || woorpen || woorpen || wöarpt
|-
|-
|}
|}


====='''Irregular: ''habben'' "to have"'''=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''habben'' "to have"
|+ Conjugation of ''föchten'' "to fight" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| habben
| colspan="3"| föchten
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| habbend
| colspan="3"| föchtend
|-
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| häd
| colspan="3"| ifochten
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
Line 1,327: Line 1,348:
|-
|-
! 1S
! 1S
| häbbe || rowspan="3"| häbbe || hädde || rowspan="3"| hädde ||
| föchte || rowspan="3"| föchte || fächt || rowspan="3"| fächte ||  
|-
|-
! 2SI
! 2SI
| häst || häddest || haaf
| fechtest || fächtest || föcht
|-
! 3S
| fechtet || fächt ||
|-
! P
| föchtet || föchten || fochten || fochten || föchtet
|-
|}
=====Class 4=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
=====Class 5=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
======Class 6=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
=====Class 7=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zeengen'' "to sing" (strong class 3)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zeengen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zeengend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izoongen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zeenge || rowspan="3"| zeenge || zaang || rowspan="3"| zoonge ||
|-
! 2SI
| zeengst || zaangst || zeeng
|-
! 3S
| zeengt || zaang ||
|-
! P
| zeengt || zeengen || zoongen || zoongen || zeengt
|-
|}
 
=====Irregular=====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''wezen'' "to be" (strong irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| wezen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wezend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iböün
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| öm || rowspan="3"| böü || wäs || rowspan="3"| wiere ||
|-
! 2SI
| ärt || wäst || böü
|-
! 3S
| is || wäs ||
|-
! P
| zind || böün || wieren || wieren || böüt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''doun'' "to do, make; to cause to" (strong irregular with weak past)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| doun
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| dound
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| idoun
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| dou || rowspan="3"| dou || döde || rowspan="3"| döde ||
|-
! 2SI
| deist || dödest || dou
|-
! 3S
| deit || döde ||
|-
! P
| dout || doun || döden || döden || dout
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''guen'' "to go" (strong irregular with weak past)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| guen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| guend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iguen
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| gue || rowspan="3"| gue || öüde || rowspan="3"| öüde ||
|-
! 2SI
| giest || öüdest || gue
|-
! 3S
| giet || öüde ||
|-
! P
| guet || guen || öüden || öüden || guet
|-
|}
 
====Examples of weak verbs====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''loven'' "to love" (weak regular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| loven
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| lovend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iloovd
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| love || rowspan="3"| love || loovde || rowspan="3"| loovde ||
|-
! 2SI
| loofst || loovdest || loof
|-
! 3S
| looft || loovde ||
|-
! P
| looft || loven || loovden || loovden || looft
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''häbben'' "to have" (weak irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| häbben
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| häbbend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ihäd
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| häbbe || rowspan="3"| häbbe || hädde || rowspan="3"| hädde ||
|-
! 2SI
| häst || häddest || hääf
|-
|-
! 3S
! 3S
Line 1,336: Line 1,620:
|-
|-
! P
! P
| habben || häbben || hädden || hädden || habbet
| häbt || häbben || hädden || hädden || häbt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''zecgen'' "to say" (weak irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| zecgen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| zecgend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| izaaid
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| zecge || rowspan="3"| zecge || zaaide || rowspan="3"| zaaide ||
|-
! 2SI
| zaaist || zaaidest || zaai
|-
! 3S
| zaait || zaaide ||
|-
! P
| zecget || zecgen || zaaiden || zaaiden || zecget
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''libben'' "to live" (weak irregular)
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| libben
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| libbend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ilivd
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| libbe || rowspan="3"| libbe || livde || rowspan="3"| livde ||
|-
! 2SI
| lööfst || livdest || lööf
|-
! 3S
| lööft || livde ||
|-
! P
| libt || libben || livden || livden || libt
|-
|}
 
====Examples of preterite-present verbs====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''kunnen'' "to be familiar with; to be able to (do)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| kunnen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| kunnend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| ikuud
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| kan || rowspan="3"| kunne || kuude || rowspan="3"| kuude ||
|-
! 2SI
| kanst || kuudest || kun
|-
! 3S
| kan || kuude ||
|-
! P
| kunnen || kunnen || kuuden || kuuden || kunt
|-
|}
Conjugated like ''kunnen'' is ''junnen'' "to grant, gift".
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''willen'' "to want; to be going to"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| willen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| willend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iwoald
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| wil || rowspan="3"| wille || woalde || rowspan="3"| woalde ||
|-
! 2SI
| wilst || woaldest || wil
|-
! 3S
| wil || woalde ||
|-
! P
| willen || willen || woalden || woalden || wilt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''scolen'' "to must"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| scolen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| scolend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iscoald
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| scäl || rowspan="3"| scöle || scoalde || rowspan="3"| scoalde ||
|-
! 2SI
| scälst || scoaldest || scool
|-
! 3S
| scäl || scoalde ||
|-
! P
| scolen || scölen || scoalden || scoalden || scoolt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''uegen'' "to be allowed (to)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| uegen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| uegend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| juecht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| ueg || rowspan="3"| uege || uechte || rowspan="3"| uechte ||
|-
! 2SI
| uegst || uechtest || ueg
|-
! 3S
| ueg || uechte ||
|-
! P
| uegen || uegen || uechten || uechten || uegt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''weten'' "to know, to be aware (of)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| weten
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| wetend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| iwist
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| wuet || rowspan="3"| wete || wiste || rowspan="3"| wiste ||
|-
! 2SI
| wuetst || wetest || weet
|-
! 3S
| wuet || wiste ||
|-
! P
| weten || weten || wisten || wisten || wet
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''inogen'' "to be content, to have enough; to enjoy"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| inogen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| inogend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| inocht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| inäg || rowspan="3"| inöge || inochte || rowspan="3"| inochte ||
|-
! 2SI
| inägst || inochtest || inoog
|-
! 3S
| inäg || inochte ||
|-
! P
| inogen || inögen || inochten || inochten || inoogt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''maain'' "to succeed (in)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| maain
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| maaind
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| imecht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| maai || rowspan="3"| maai || mechte || rowspan="3"| mechte ||
|-
! 2SI
| maaist || mechtest || maai
|-
! 3S
| maai || mechte ||
|-
! P
| maain || maain || mechten || mechten || maait
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''dogen'' "to be suitable (for), to be able (to)"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| dogen
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| dogend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| idocht
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| düeg || rowspan="3"| döge || dochte || rowspan="3"| dochte ||
|-
! 2SI
| düegst || dochtest || doog
|-
! 3S
| düeg || dochte ||
|-
! P
| dogen || dögen || dochten || dochten || doogt
|-
|}
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Conjugation of ''mouten'' "to possibly (do), to might"
! colspan="3"| Infinitive
| colspan="3"| mouten
|-
!colspan="3"| Present participle
| colspan="3"| moutend
|-
!colspan="3"| Past participle
| colspan="3"| imoust
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! colspan="2"|Present  !! colspan="2"|Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative
|-
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive
|-
! 1S
| mout || rowspan="3"| moute || mouste || rowspan="3"| mouste ||
|-
! 2SI
| moutst || moustest || mout
|-
! 3S
| mout || mouste ||
|-
! P
| mouten || mouten || mousten || mousten || moutet
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 1,347: Line 1,952:
! English !! Voltch
! English !! Voltch
|-
|-
| spring || lenkten
| spring || lengten
|-
|-
| summer || zomer
| summer || zomer
Line 1,443: Line 2,048:
| day || daai
| day || daai
|-
|-
| dawn || dageng
| dawn || daging
|-
|-
| morning || moargen
| morning || moargen
Line 1,453: Line 2,058:
| evening || ieven
| evening || ieven
|-
|-
| dusk || nechteng
| dusk || nechting
|-
|-
| night || necht
| night || necht
Line 1,518: Line 2,123:
| tonight || tounecht
| tonight || tounecht
|-
|-
| yesterday || jeerstendaai
| yesterday || jirstendaai
|-
|-
| last night || jeerstennecht
| last night || jirstennecht
|-
|-
| tomorrow || toumoargen
| tomorrow || toumoargen
|-
|-
| before yesterday || ierjeerstendaai
| before yesterday || ierjirstendaai
|-
|-
| two nights ago || ierjeerstennecht
| two nights ago || ierjirstennecht
|-
|-
| after tomorrow || oavermoargen
| after tomorrow || oavermoargen
Line 1,572: Line 2,177:
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
Älle men wöarden vröü and ilijc on uere and rechtem iboaren. Glöüscip and touknounes zind him jifted, and hij scolen...
Älle men wöardet vröü and ilijc on uere and rechtem iboaren. Glöüscip and touknounes zind him jifted<!-->Höm wöardet glöüscippes and touknounesse ijuud-->, and hij scolen...


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