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Cleepoyish: Difference between revisions
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filled out the grammar a bit more
m (→Orthography) |
(filled out the grammar a bit more) |
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| Line 466: | Line 466: | ||
| /æ/ | | /æ/ | ||
| [æː] [eː] [ɛː] | | [æː] [eː] [ɛː] | ||
|- | |||
| Äi, äi | |||
| /ɛɪ̯/ | |||
| [æɪ̯] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Äu, äu | | Äu, äu | ||
| Line 790: | Line 794: | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Cleepoyish Pronouns are largely conservative, not | Cleepoyish Pronouns are largely conservative, owing to the Růpläch dialects not undergoing most phonological and inflectional simplifications in other dialects. Cleepoyish pronouns decline for the nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive cases independently, and maintain a gender distinction in the plural 3rd person: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ '''Standard Cleepoyish Personal Pronouns''' | |||
|- | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="5" | Singular | |||
! colspan="5" | Plural | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! rowspan="2" | 1st person | |||
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person | |||
! colspan="3" | 3rd person | |||
! rowspan="2" | 1st person | |||
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person | |||
! colspan="3" | 3rd person | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! masculine | |||
! feminine | |||
! neuter | |||
! masculine | |||
! feminine | |||
! neuter | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Nominative | |||
| ik | |||
| þu | |||
| hiz | |||
| rowspan="2" | hjo | |||
| rowspan="2" | hit | |||
| wiiz | |||
| jiiz | |||
| þoi | |||
| þooz | |||
| rowspan="2" | þo | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Accusative | |||
| mik | |||
| þik | |||
| hyn | |||
| rowspan="2" | ųz | |||
| rowspan="2" | swiz | |||
| þoz, þåz<sup>2</sup> | |||
| þoz | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Dative | |||
| miz | |||
| þiz | |||
| colspan="3" | hiz | |||
| colspan="3" | þoiz | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Genitive<sup>1</sup> | |||
| miin | |||
| þiin | |||
| hym | |||
| colspan="2" | hyz | |||
| ųsir | |||
| swir | |||
| colspan="3" | þon, þån<sup>2</sup> | |||
|} | |||
# The genitive case has become largely archaic beside poetry and literature. Possession is instead marked with the preposition ⟨{{c|ut}}⟩ alongside the dative case. | |||
# Superseded spelling. | |||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
Cleepoyish employs indefinite and definite articles. The indefinite article, ⟨{{c|oi}}⟩ before consonants and ⟨oin⟩ before vowels, is always uninflected, and adjectives preceded by the indefinite article use the strong declension. Definite articles conversely do decline for case, gender, and number: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
|+ '''Standard Cleepoyish Definite Articles''' | |||
|- | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="3" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" | Plural | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! masculine | |||
! feminine | |||
! neuter | |||
! masculine | |||
! feminine | |||
! neuter | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Nominative | |||
| rowspan="2" | þo, þå<sup>1</sup> | |||
| rowspan="2" | þo | |||
| rowspan="2" | þot | |||
| þoi | |||
| þooz | |||
| rowspan="2" | þo | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Accusative | |||
| þoz, þåz<sup>1</sup> | |||
| þoz | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | Dative | |||
| colspan="3" | þii, þäi<sup>1</sup> | |||
| colspan="3" | þoiz | |||
|} | |||
# Superseded spelling. | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives in Cleepoyish decline for strong and weak paradigms. | |||
Strong declension is used when the adjective is precede by either the indefinite article or no article: | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||