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Yama-pali-auk: Difference between revisions
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page is under construction!! info will be missing!! | page is under construction!! info will be missing!! | ||
welcome to the page for yama-pali-auk! this language was created by me, katherine "kaw57" awesome, on 2023 dec 20 at 19:24 utc-6:00 and is actively being worked on by me to this day. i don't remember why i originally created it, but i am currently planning to use it as either the common tongue in my conworld or the ancestor to all the catwoman languages. more about them at some point in the future, maybe. keep your eyes peeled! <br> | welcome to the page for yama-pali-auk! this [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language language was created] by me, katherine "kaw57" awesome, on 2023 dec 20 at 19:24 utc-6:00 and is actively being worked on by me to this day. i don't remember why i originally created it, but i am currently planning to use it as either the common tongue in my conworld or the ancestor to all the catwoman languages. more about them at some point in the future, maybe. keep your eyes peeled! <br> | ||
== phonology/orthography == | == phonology/orthography == | ||
=== phonology & romanization === | === [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology phonology] & [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization romanization] === | ||
yama-pali-auk has 6 consonants, 4 vowels, and 2 consovowels. for simplicity's sake, i will put all of the phonemes in one table. | yama-pali-auk has 6 consonants, 4 vowels, and 2 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semivowel consovowels]. for simplicity's sake, i will put all of the phonemes in one table. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ phonology | |+ phonology | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! labial !! coronal !! back | ! !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial_consonant labial] !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_consonant coronal] !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_consonant back] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sonorant || m || n || l | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonorant sonorant] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal m] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals n] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants l] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| obstruent || p || t || k | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent obstruent] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive p] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives t] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive k] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| consovowel || || i~j || u~w | | consovowel || || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel i]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant j] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel u]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant w] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mid || || e || o | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_vowel mid] || || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel e] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel o] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| low || || a || au | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_vowel low] || || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel a] || au | ||
|} | |} | ||
the consovowels are treated as consonants in the onset and vowels in the nucleus, and should be treated as such. of course, as an imperfect human, there is great variation in how i pronounce these phonemes. i have designed the allophony to account for this. <br> | the consovowels are treated as consonants in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable#Onset onset] and vowels in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable#Nucleus nucleus], and should be treated as such. of course, as an imperfect human, there is great variation in how i pronounce these phonemes. i have designed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophone allophony] to account for this. <br> | ||
/n/ can be rendered as [ŋ] preceding /k/ ; /l/ is often [ɫ] ; /p/, /t/, and /k/ are usually fricated in the coda position, becoming [f], [s~θ], and [x~h~ç] respectively ; /i/ may also be [ɪ] at times ; /u/ may be [ʊ], and /w/ may be [v~ʋ] ; /e/ is often [ɛ] ; /o/ can be [ɔ] ; /a/ is likely the most explicitly varied vowel here, with a range of [ɑ~æ~ɐ~ə] ; and /au/ is actually [au̯~aʊ̯]. there is doubtlessly a lot more allophony going on than i've documented, but i'm not a professional and separately don't enjoy listening to clips of my voice repeatedly to figure out exactly what sound i'm producing. <br> | /n/ can be rendered as [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal ŋ]] preceding /k/ ; /l/ is often [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants#Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant ɫ]] ; /p/, /t/, and /k/ are usually fricated in the coda position, becoming [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative f]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative s]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative θ]], and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative x]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative h]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative ç]] respectively ; /i/ may also be [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel ɪ]] at times ; /u/ may be [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel ʊ]], and /w/ may be [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative v]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant ʋ]] ; /e/ is often [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel ɛ]] ; /o/ can be [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel ɔ]] ; /a/ is likely the most explicitly varied vowel here, with a range of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel ɑ]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel æ]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel ɐ]~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel ə]] ; and /au/ is actually [au̯~aʊ̯]. there is doubtlessly a lot more allophony going on than i've documented, but i'm not a professional and separately don't enjoy listening to clips of my voice repeatedly to figure out exactly what sound i'm producing. <br> | ||
most phonemes are romanized as their | most phonemes are romanized as their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet IPA] representation. /i~j/ and /u~w/ can be represented as ⟨ i / j / y ⟩ and ⟨ u / w / v ⟩ respectively and in free variation. <br> | ||
yama-pali-auk also has a script. that will be covered in the next section. | yama-pali-auk also has a script. that will be covered in the next section. | ||
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[[File:Y-p-a name demo.png|alt=A demonstration of the null character being used to mark the name "Katherine" in a sentence. The sentence translates to something like, "Katherine is my name."|using the filler character to mark a name, using my name (katherine) as an example.]] | [[File:Y-p-a name demo.png|alt=A demonstration of the null character being used to mark the name "Katherine" in a sentence. The sentence translates to something like, "Katherine is my name."|using the filler character to mark a name, using my name (katherine) as an example.]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
if the nucleus of a syllable uses the filler character, it is likely being used as a mathematical variable. that's actually a legacy feature from back when i kept a journal for my random thoughts. now i can share them with other people so this feature is obsolete, but cool. however, a fully blank syllable is used as a general "bad word". think your fucks or shits. it, by definition, cannot be romanized or pronounced, but it can be written, which the language is meant to be. | if the nucleus of a syllable uses the filler character, it is likely being used as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) mathematical variable]. that's actually a legacy feature from back when i kept a journal for my random thoughts. now i can share them with other people so this feature is obsolete, but cool. however, a fully blank syllable is used as a general [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profanity "bad word"]. think your fucks or shits. it, by definition, cannot be romanized or pronounced, but it can be written, which the language is meant to be. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
a fun cosmetic feature is that you can write in any direction you want, provided you mirror/rotate the glyphs accordingly and indicate a change in direction with an arrow. if no arrow is present, assume the previous line's reading direction. if there is no arrow or previous line, assume left-to-right. <br> | a fun cosmetic feature is that you can write in any direction you want, provided you mirror/rotate the glyphs accordingly and indicate a change in direction with an arrow. if no arrow is present, assume the previous line's reading direction. if there is no arrow or previous line, assume left-to-right. <br> | ||
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== grammar == | == grammar == | ||
yama-pali-auk has mostly free word order, the only requirement being that the subject is somewhere before the object. this is due to the lack of a subject or object marker. the verb, however, is clear, as it is marked for tense. <br> | yama-pali-auk has mostly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_order#Pragmatic_word_order free word order], the only requirement being that the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar) subject] is somewhere before the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(grammar) object]. this is due to the lack of a subject or object marker. the verb, however, is clear, as it is marked for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense tense]. <br> | ||
=== affixes === | === affixes === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ nouns | |+ nouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
! singular !! plural | ! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number#Singular_and_plural singular] !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number#Singular_and_plural plural] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -i || -au | | -i || -au | ||
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|+ verbs | |+ verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past !! present !! future | ! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense past] !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_tense present] !! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_tense future] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -et || -ik || -ip | | -et || -ik || -ip | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
|+ misc. | |+ misc. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! negation | ! [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation#Negation negation] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -el | | -el | ||
|} | |} | ||
when applying a | when applying a suffix to a word that ends in a vowel, the original vowel is overwritten by the suffix's vowel. also, the two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(linguistics) copulae] (tek and muk, "to be" and "to be at" respectively) have the ''k'' removed. <br> | ||
''-el'' may be applied before or after any other suffixes, depending on what feels right for what you wish to say. | ''-el'' may be applied before or after any other suffixes, depending on what feels right for what you wish to say. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
! !! singular !! plural | ! !! singular !! plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
| first person || mi || mau | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person first person] || mi || mau | ||
|- | |- | ||
| second person || ti || tau | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person second person] || ti || tau | ||
|- | |- | ||
| third person || wi || wau | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person third person] || wi || wau | ||
|} | |} | ||
technically, you could analyze the pronouns as just single letters taking the noun suffixes. however, it would not make sense to apply the verb suffixes to ''m-'', ''t-'', or ''w-'', especially because of how ''tek'' and ''muk'' take their suffixes. | technically, you could analyze the pronouns as just single letters taking the noun suffixes. however, it would not make sense to apply the verb suffixes to ''m-'', ''t-'', or ''w-'', especially because of how ''tek'' and ''muk'' take their suffixes. | ||
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| · || end of word; space || " || mid-quote space | | · || end of word; space || " || mid-quote space | ||
|- | |- | ||
| > || end of clause || ‿ || mid-clarification space | | > || end of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause clause] || ‿ || mid-clarification space | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | || end of sentence || , || mid-list space | | | || end of sentence || , || mid-list space | ||
| Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
| ⸮ || end of joke || = || second-order compound | | ⸮ || end of joke || = || second-order compound | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ! || end of ecstatic statement || etc. || theoretically, this list is infinite | | ! || end of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclamation_mark ecstatic statement] || etc. || theoretically, this list is infinite | ||
|} | |} | ||
higher-order compounds are formed by stacking more dashes on top of each other. compounds are explained in their own subsection. when writing, «⸮» is given a stroke to differentiate it from «?». | higher-order compounds are formed by stacking more dashes on top of each other. compounds are explained in their own subsection. when writing, «⸮» is given a stroke to differentiate it from «?». | ||