Valtamic: Difference between revisions

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Valtamic (view source)

Revision as of 16:45, 18 August 2024

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===Vowel harmony===
===Vowel harmony===
Valtamic exhibits a simple vowel height harmony, with high, middle, and low vowels. It has no neutral vowels, apart from ''ö'', though it is grammatically classified as a middle vowel.
Valtamic exhibits simple vowel height harmony, with high, middle, and low vowels. It has no neutral vowels, apart from ''ö'', though it is grammatically classified as a middle vowel.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
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*dikt'''ä'''tër + {{c|-cer}} → diktä'''cär''' → diktä'''cäm''' (''accusative'')
*dikt'''ä'''tër + {{c|-cer}} → diktä'''cär''' → diktä'''cäm''' (''accusative'')
*maṡ'''y'''na + {{c|-elër}} → maṡyn'''ilur''' → maṡyn'''ilunu''' (''essive'')
*maṡ'''y'''na + {{c|-elër}} → maṡyn'''ilur''' → maṡyn'''ilunu''' (''essive'')
Affixes also obey vowel harmony, with the general dictionary forms of affixes being the middle harmonic form.


===Nominals===
===Nominals===
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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Regular Verbs constitute the vast majority of Valtamic verbs. Verbs generally conjugate for three persons (''1<sup>st</sup>'', ''2<sup>nd</sup>'', and ''3<sup>rd</sup>''), two numbers (''singular'' and ''plural''), three moods (''indicative'', ''subjunctive'', and ''imperative''), two voices (''active'' and ''passive''), three basic tenses (''present'', ''past'', and ''future''), each with two forms, one synthetic (''simple'') and one analytic using an auxiliary copula (''perfect'').
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Regular verb conjugation'''
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Infinitive
! Bare
| colspan="6" | {{c|ruhülou}} ("to dance")
|-
! Auxiliary
| colspan="6" | ruhül<span style="color:blue">iṅ</span>
|- style="text-align:left;"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Participle
! style="text-align:center;" | Present
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | ruhül<span style="color:blue">inin</span>
|- style="text-align:left;"
! style="text-align:center;" | Past
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | ruhül<span style="color:blue">iti</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | Indicative
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! First (äk)
! Second (our)
! Third (ü, ä, o)
! First (nour)
! Second (ġë)
! Third (i)
|-
! rowspan="6" | Active
! rowspan="2" | Present
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">ou</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">ur</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">us</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">umur</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">usur</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">uns</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:purple">äz</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">är</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">äc</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">äräm</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">ätlär</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">räns</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Past
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">im</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">ir</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">it</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">imir</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">isir</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">int</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:purple">uľ</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="2" | <span style="color:purple">ut</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">umur</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">utlir</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">uls</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Future
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">imbun</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">irbun</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">ibun</span>
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:purple">isbun</span>
|-
! Perfect
| colspan="2" | <span style="color:purple">hruṡ</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">hrur</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">hruṡum</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">hruṡur</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">hrubun</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="6" | Passive
! rowspan="2" | Present
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">oul</span>
| colspan="2" | ruhül<span style="color:purple">usul</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">umul</span>
| colspan="2" | ruhül<span style="color:purple">unsul</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:purple">ultil</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="2" | <span style="color:purple">ultisul</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">ultimul</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="2" | <span style="color:purple">ultinsul</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Past
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">il</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">iz</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">isil</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">imil</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">imiṅ</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">insil</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:purple">uljil</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">utliz</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">utlisil</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">umil</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">utlimiṅ</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">ulsinsil</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Future
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">iblun</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">izblun</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:purple">iblun</span>
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:purple">irmiṅ</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:purple">ultiblun</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">ultizbun</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:purple">ultisbun</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="3" | <span style="color:purple">ultirmiṅ</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | Subjunctive
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! First (äk)
! Second (our)
! Third (ü, ä, o)
! First (nour)
! Second (ġë)
! Third (i)
|-
! rowspan="4" | Active
! rowspan="2" | Present
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:green">oum</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:green">us</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:green">ut</span>
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:green">umut</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:green">ramom</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:green">ramas</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:green">ramam</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="3" | <span style="color:green">ramarat</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Past
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:green">ourum</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:green">irir</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:green">irit</span>
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:green">urunt</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:green">ramorom</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:green">ramärär</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:green">ramäräm</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="3" | <span style="color:green">ramarant</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="4" | Passive
! rowspan="2" | Present
! Simple
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:green">uṡ</span>
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:green">ounsur</span>
|-
! Perfect
| colspan="3" | <span style="color:green">ramaṡ</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="3" | <span style="color:green">ramonsar</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" | Past
! Simple
| ruhül<span style="color:green">ouroul</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:green">iriz</span>
| ruhül<span style="color:green">irisil</span>
| colspan="3" | ruhül<span style="color:green">urunsul</span>
|-
! Perfect
| <span style="color:green">ramorol</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:green">ramäräz</span> ruhüliṅ
| <span style="color:green">ramäräsäl</span> ruhüliṅ
| colspan="3" | <span style="color:green">ramaransal</span> ruhüliṅ
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | Imperative
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! First (äk)
! Second (our)
! Third (ü, ä, o)
! First (nour)
! Second (ġë)
! Third (i)
|-
! colspan="3" | Active
| —
| ruhül<span style="color:brown">i</span>
| —
| —
| ruhül<span style="color:brown">ic</span>
| —
|-
! colspan="3" | Passive
| —
| ruhül<span style="color:brown">iz</span>
| —
| —
| ruhül<span style="color:brown">imiṅ</span>
| —
|}
Valtamic verbs have two different verbal infinitives:
* the ''bare infinitive'', which acts as the basic non-finite infinitive and dictionary form of a given verb. It can also be declined using the type-III paradigm with no stem alteration.
* the ''auxiliary infinitive'', which is an indeclinable verbal infinitive used specifically alongside auxiliary verbs.
Both infinitives are also separate from ''verbal nouns'', which are in turn formed using different suffixes, those being:
* ''{{c|-eľ}}'', which generally forms abstract nouns. It declines using the type-III paradigm with no stem alteration.
* ''{{c|-tlo}}'', which generally forms concrete, physical, or material nouns. It declines using the type-III paradigm with the stem alteration ''-tlon-''.


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Vrianne
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