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Nominals
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===Vowel harmony===
===Vowel harmony===
Valtamic exhibits a simple vowel height harmony, with high, middle, and low vowels. It has no neutral vowels, apart from ''ö'', though it is grammatically classified as a middle vowel.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | High
| style="width:20px;" | i
| style="width:20px;" | ü
| style="width:20px;" | y
| style="width:20px;" | u
| style="width:20px;" | ou
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Middle
| colspan="3" | e
| ë
| rowspan="2" | o
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Low
| colspan="3" | ä
| a
|}
Loanwords that do not conform to vowel harmony inflect based on the final vowel of their lemma forms:
*[[Contionary:diktätër|diktät'''ë'''r]] → diktät'''ëṡ''' (''genitive'')
*[[Contionary:maṡyna|maṡyn'''a''']] → maṡyn'''aľ''' (''locative'')
...though with derivational suffixes that delete the final syllable of a lemma, they inflect based on the penultimate vowel instead:
*dikt'''ä'''tër + {{c|-cer}} → diktä'''cär''' → diktä'''cäm''' (''accusative'')
*maṡ'''y'''na + {{c|-elër}} → maṡyn'''ilur''' → maṡyn'''ilunu''' (''essive'')


===Nominals===
===Nominals===
Nominals decline for one of 12 cases (''nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, lative, locative, separative, essive, translative, privative, comitative,'' and ''instrumental''), with nouns also declining for 2 numbers (''singular'' and ''plural''). The gender system completely collapsed in Valtamic, except in pronouns. This vacancy led to the innovation of an animacy system, with animate and inanimate nouns.
Nominals decline according to four declension paradigms: '''''type-I''''', '''''type-II''''', '''''type-III''''', and '''''regular paradigms'''''.
====Type-I nouns====
This paradigm corresponds with the Proto-Italic o-stem & Latin 2<sup>nd</sup> declension. Nominals of this type are characterized as ending with ''-r'', which changes throughout the paradigm. Mono-syllabic nominals of this type are known as ''true type-I'' nominals, since they exhibit vowel height alteration throughout the paradigm.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Type-I paradigm'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="2" | {{c|tlour}}, "day"
! rowspan="2" | {{c|mëkër}}, "great"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
| tlour
| rowspan="2" | tlou<span style="color:purple">n</span>
| mëkër
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Accusative
| tlou<span style="color:purple">m</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">m</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Genitive
| tlou<span style="color:purple">ṡ</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">m</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">ṡ</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Dative
| tl<span style="color:purple">ouľ</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">l</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">ľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Lative<br><span style="color:grey">"into"</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">ouṅ</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">ounjuľ</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">ṅ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Locative<br><span style="color:grey">"in, on, at, by..."</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">oľ</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">oljoľ</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">ľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Separative<br><span style="color:grey">"out of, away from"</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">t</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">dul</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">t</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Essive<br><span style="color:grey">as/in a certain state</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">nu</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">nou</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">në</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Translative<br><span style="color:grey">change of/into a state</span>
| tlo<span style="color:purple">c</span>
| tlo<span style="color:purple">cë</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">c</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Privative<br><span style="color:grey">"without, absence of"</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">odek</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">odok</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">dek</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Comitative<br><span style="color:grey">"with, alongside"</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">onek</span>
| tl<span style="color:purple">onok</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">nek</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Instrumental<br><span style="color:grey">"with, using"</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">nouj</span>
| tlou<span style="color:purple">noumi</span>
| mëkë<span style="color:purple">noj</span>
|}
====Type-II nouns====
This paradigm corresponds with the Proto-Italic ā- & u-stems & Latin 1<sup>st</sup> & 4<sup>th</sup> declensions. Most nominals of this type end with a vowel, which changes throughout the paradigm. There has also been an increase in declining Type-II nominals according to the regular paradigm instead of the type-II paradigm.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Type-II paradigm'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="2" | {{c|ṡynu}}, "automobile"
! rowspan="2" | {{c|cäto}}, "prussian"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
| ṡynu
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">r</span>
| cäto
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Accusative
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">m</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">n</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">m</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Genitive
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">r</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">zum</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">r</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Dative
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">ľ</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">l</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">ľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Lative<br><span style="color:grey">"into"</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">ṅ</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">njuľ</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">ṅ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Locative<br><span style="color:grey">"in, on, at, by..."</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">ľ</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">ljuľ</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">ľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Separative<br><span style="color:grey">"out of, away from"</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">t</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">dul</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">t</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Essive<br><span style="color:grey">as/in a certain state</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">nu</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">nou</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">na</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Translative<br><span style="color:grey">change of/into a state</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">c</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">cu</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">c</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Privative<br><span style="color:grey">"without, absence of"</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">dik</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">douk</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">däk</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Comitative<br><span style="color:grey">"with, alongside"</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">nik</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">nouk</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">näk</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Instrumental<br><span style="color:grey">"with, using"</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">ju</span>
| ṡynu<span style="color:green">ïmi</span>
| cäto<span style="color:green">ja</span>
|}
====Type-III nouns====
This paradigm corresponds with the Proto-Italic consonant-stems & Latin 3<sup>rd</sup> declension. Most nominals of this type exhibit stem alteration from the nominative singular.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Type-III paradigm'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="2" | {{c|fëcel}}, "father"
! rowspan="2" | {{c|gel}}, "blond(e)"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
| fëcel
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">r</span>
| gel
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Accusative
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">m</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">n</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">ëm</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Genitive
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">r</span>
| fëtr<span style="color:brown">om</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">er</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Dative
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">ľ</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">ġ</span> / fëtre<span style="color:brown">l</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">eľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Lative<br><span style="color:grey">"into"</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">ṅ</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">njël</span> / fëtre<span style="color:brown">njëľ</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">eṅ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Locative<br><span style="color:grey">"in, on, at, by..."</span>
| fëtr<span style="color:brown">e</span> / fëtre<span style="color:brown">ľ</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">ljëľ</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">e</span> / gelw<span style="color:brown">eľ</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Separative<br><span style="color:grey">"out of, away from"</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">t</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">dël</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">ët</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Essive<br><span style="color:grey">as/in a certain state</span>
| fëtr<span style="color:brown">ë</span> / fëtre<span style="color:brown">nu</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">no</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">ë</span> / gelw<span style="color:brown">ënë</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Translative<br><span style="color:grey">change of/into a state</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">c</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">cë</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">ëc</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Privative<br><span style="color:grey">"without, absence of"</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">dek</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">dok</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">ëdek</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Comitative<br><span style="color:grey">"with, alongside"</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">nek</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:brown">nok</span>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">ënek</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Instrumental<br><span style="color:grey">"with, using"</span>
| fëtr<span style="color:brown">om</span>
| fëtr<span style="color:brown">ome</span> / fëtr<span style="color:brown">eme</span> <sup>[a]</sup>
| gelw<span style="color:brown">om</span>
|}
<sup>[a]</sup> Southern Valtamic variants
====Regular nouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Regular paradigm'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="2" | {{c|tämrä}}, "girl"
! rowspan="2" | {{c|tänar}}, "good, well"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Nominative
| tämrä
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">r</span>
| tänar
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Accusative
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">m</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">n</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">am</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Genitive
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">r</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">m</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">är</span>
|-
! style="height:45px;" "font-weight:bold;" | Dative
| colspan="2" | tämrä<span style="color:blue">ľ</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">äľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Lative<br><span style="color:grey">"into"</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">ṅ</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">njal</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">äṅ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Locative<br><span style="color:grey">"in, on, at, by..."</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">ľ</span>
| fëtre<span style="color:blue">ljaľ</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">äľ</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Separative<br><span style="color:grey">"out of, away from"</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">t</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">daľ</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">at</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Essive<br><span style="color:grey">as/in a certain state</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">na</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">nano</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">na</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Translative<br><span style="color:grey">change of/into a state</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">c</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">ca</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">c</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Privative<br><span style="color:grey">"without, absence of"</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">däk</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">dok</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">däk</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Comitative<br><span style="color:grey">"with, alongside"</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">näk</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">nok</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">näk</span>
|-
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Instrumental<br><span style="color:grey">"with, using"</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">jo</span>
| tämrä<span style="color:blue">jämä</span>
| tänar<span style="color:blue">jo</span>
|}


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Vrianne
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