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Izhkut: Difference between revisions
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| speakers = {{formatnum:126000000}} | | speakers = {{formatnum:126000000}} | ||
| speakers2 = {{formatnum:234000}}(L2) | | speakers2 = {{formatnum:234000}}(L2) | ||
| ethnicity = Izhkut people, Pokht people, | |||
| date = 256 BH | | date = 256 BH | ||
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | ||
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Izhkut is also spoken widely in the various Izhkut colonies, though their collective dialects(a group called [[Colonial Izhkut]] due to their shared features) have deviated quite a bit from the dialect continuum spoken in the Izhkut mainland, primarily due to geographical distance as well as influences from indigenous languages in each respective colony. Some of these loanwords have also found themselves enter the speech of Mainlanders, in a way similarly to how some [[w:Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian Portuguese]] words of indigenous origin have entered the [[w:European Portuguese|European Portuguese]] variety. | Izhkut is also spoken widely in the various Izhkut colonies, though their collective dialects(a group called [[Colonial Izhkut]] due to their shared features) have deviated quite a bit from the dialect continuum spoken in the Izhkut mainland, primarily due to geographical distance as well as influences from indigenous languages in each respective colony. Some of these loanwords have also found themselves enter the speech of Mainlanders, in a way similarly to how some [[w:Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian Portuguese]] words of indigenous origin have entered the [[w:European Portuguese|European Portuguese]] variety. | ||
Despite the region of Pokht, a vassal of Izhkutrëa, having its own native sister language of Izhkut, [[Pokht]](Izhkut: ''jën pokht''), | Despite the region of Pokht, a vassal of Izhkutrëa, having its own native sister language of Izhkut, [[Pokht]](Izhkut: ''jën pokht''), Izhkut has in recent times all but replace Pokht due to the strict cultural assimilation policies of the Izhkut central government. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
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| || || l || || || || | | || || l || || || || | ||
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[n̪] is an allophone of /n/, usually pronounced at the end of a word, such as in ''jën'' [ɟɛn̪] "language, speech". [θ] and [ð] are lenited allophones of /t/ and /d/, though where this lenition actually occurs depends on dialect. The general rule is that /t/ and /d/ are lenited after an /e/ or diphthong ending in -/ɪ̯/, e.g. ''retam'' [ | [n̪] is an allophone of /n/, usually pronounced at the end of a word, such as in ''jën'' [ɟɛn̪] "language, speech". [θ] and [ð] are lenited allophones of /t/ and /d/, though where this lenition actually occurs depends on dialect. The general rule is that /t/ and /d/ are lenited after an /e/ or diphthong ending in -/ɪ̯/, e.g. ''retam'' [ɾeθam] "button" or ''yeid'' [jeɪ̯ð] "legend (person)". | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| | | || a || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Although there are many vowels, only six can form valid diphthongs. Two identical vowels next to each other in a diphthong don't occur either, nor does /eɛ̯/ or /ɛɨ̯/. | Although there are many vowels, only six can form valid diphthongs. Two identical vowels next to each other in a diphthong don't occur either, nor does /eɛ̯/ or /ɛɨ̯/. | ||
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==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
===Colonial Izhkut=== | ===Colonial Izhkut=== | ||
'''Colonial Izhkut'''(''jën bilashaosh'', <small>Colonial Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[cæn̪ biɫɑʒɑwʃ]]]; <small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ɟɛn̪ bilaʃaɔ̯ʃ]]]) is the name given to the diverse dialect continuum of Izhkut spoken outside the Izhkut mainland. The first differences in speech between mainlanders(''yagolëosh'') and colonials(''bilashaosh'') was first noticed in an early newspaper, which reported that some mainlander traders had lost money due to a miscommunication between their colonial counterparts, who had misunderstood the word ''sërskueja bogazar'' "thirty-one batches" for ''sërskueja bogazhar'', "thirty-one receipts", leading to late orders and a loss in revenue. | |||
Although initially seen by mainlanders as an incorrect vernacular of Izhkut, famous colonial writers such as Sagik Khëmi(author of ''Blue Coasters'') helped to culturally popularise Colonial vernacular in the mainland. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||