Saxuma: Difference between revisions

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Saxuma (view source)

Revision as of 14:08, 14 October 2024

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→‎Syntax
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==


Saxuma is primarily ergative/absolutive-aligned, and so instead of S, O, and V, we will use the abbreviations E, A, and O. The basic unmarked sentence structure of Saxuma is EVA for transitive statements, and VA for intransitive statements. In these unmarked structures, the absolutive case is not explicitly marked, and instead the Direct case is used. Word order is very flexible though, allowing for AVE, VAE, and AEV orderings. AVE order requires that the absolutive be explicitly marked, and it is usually marked in VAE and AEV.  
Saxuma sentence order is primarily aligned along ergative-absolutive distinctions, so below, instead of S and O for subject and object, we will use E to mark the ergative argument and A to mark the absolutive argument.  


Similarly, AV statements usually explicitly mark the absolutive. However, statements with only an A and V may also drop the absolutive marking if the semantic role of the A is particularly agentic, or when using pronouns or proper nouns.  
The basic unmarked sentence structure of Saxuma is (E)VA for transitive statements. In this unmarked structure, the absolutive case is not explicitly marked, and instead the direct case form of the A is used. Word order is flexible though, allowing for AV, AVE, VAE, and AEV orderings. Generally, any ordering in which A appears before V requires that the A be explicitly marked with the absolutive case. It is also frequently used with VAE to clearly mark the boundary of the A and E, but it is not strictly required. However, intransitive sentences where the A has a particularly agentic semantic role, is a pronoun, or is a name, can also omit the absolutive marking.  


Determiners precede the nouns that they modify, and adjectives and prepositional phrases follow them.
There is no copula, and so copular phrases function similar to VA/AV statements, where the V is replaced with the predicate noun or adjective. These follow the same rules of absolutive marking as sentences with intransitive verbs.  


There is no copula, and so copular phrases function similar to intransitive verbs, where the V is replaced with the predicate noun or adjective. Thus the default order is Predicate Subject, but it may be swapped to Subject-Absolutive Predicate.  
Determiners precede the nouns that they modify, and adjectives and prepositional phrases follow them. Adverbs may be placed anywhere in the sentence, with a preference towards placing them at the beginning or adjacent to the verb. Adverbs modifying adjectives are placed before the adjective.  


===The topic marker ''sa''===
===The topic marker ''sa''===
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