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Nillíno: Difference between revisions
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| pronunciation = niˈjiɲo | | pronunciation = niˈjiɲo | ||
| speakers = 391,000 | | speakers = 391,000 | ||
| state = Nillíno Islands | |||
| date = 2014 | | date = 2014 | ||
| created = 2024 | | created = 2024 | ||
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| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Sinatolean]] | | ancestor1 = [[Proto-Sinatolean]] | ||
| ancestor2 = Proto-Naéllang | | ancestor2 = Proto-Naéllang | ||
| nation = Sinatolean Federation | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nillíno'''(''nillíño'', <small>Nillíno:</small> [[Help:IPA|[niˈjiɲo]]], [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''lengua nillína'', ''lengua de San Miguel'') is a [[Sinatolean languages|Sinatolean]] language spoken in the Nillíno Islands(<small>Nillíno:</small> '' | '''Nillíno'''(''nillíño'', <small>Nillíno:</small> [[Help:IPA|[niˈjiɲo]]], [[w:Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''lengua nillína'', ''lengua de San Miguel'') is a [[Sinatolean languages|Sinatolean]] language spoken in the Nillíno Islands(<small>Nillíno:</small> ''nillíntalu''), an archipelago historically colonised by the Spanish and dubbed ''Islas de San Miguel de la Mancha''(Spanish for "Islands of Saint Michael of [[w:La Mancha|La Mancha]]"). Because of this history, Nillíno's orthography is primarily based on the [[w:Spanish orthography|Spanish alphabet]], leading to the existence of letters such as ⟨ñ⟩ and digraphs such as ⟨ll⟩. Additionally, Nillíno also has many Spanish loanwords which have in turn influenced other neighbouring languages, such as ''mesa'' "table" or ''silla'' "chair", which became ''mesa'' and ''siya'' in [[Sinatolean]]. By number of native speakers, it is the 3rd most spoken Sinatolean language with 391,000 speakers, after [[Mowinda-Moyeng]] with 765,000 speakers. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Stress is marked with acute accents on vowels, ⟨á é í ó ú⟩. Because ⟨ü⟩ /ɯ/ already has a diacritic, the stress is not marked on ⟨ü⟩, but is still phonologically present, such as in ''san'''ü'''n'' [saˈnɯn] "northern wind" and ''n'''ü'''cmaí'' [nɯkmaˈi] "in the thread" | Stress is marked with acute accents on vowels, ⟨á é í ó ú⟩. Because ⟨ü⟩ /ɯ/ already has a diacritic, the stress is not marked on ⟨ü⟩, but is still phonologically present, such as in ''san'''ü'''n'' [saˈnɯn] "northern wind" and ''n'''ü'''cmaí'' [nɯkmaˈi] "in the thread" | ||
==Morphology== | |||
===Ablaut=== | |||
Like most Naéllang languages, Nillíno retains grammatical ablaut from [[Proto-Sinatolean]], and, like in [[Proto-Sinatolean]], ablaut is primarily used for three purposes: '''grammatical number''', '''possession''' and '''negation'''. Nillíno words are primarily categorised in a-grade, i-grade and o-grade words. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Ablaut declensions for ''sana''(wind), ''sen''(person) and ''tolo''(triggerfish) | |||
! !! Number !! Possession !! Negation | |||
|- | |||
! A-grade | |||
| ''sona''<br>(''plural'') || ''sane''<br>(''singular genitive'') || ''sano''<br>("not the wind") | |||
|- | |||
! I-grade | |||
| ''sün''<br>(''plural'') || ''sun''<br>("their") || ''son''<br>("not the person", "not that guy") | |||
|- | |||
! O-grade | |||
| ''telo''<br>(''plural'') || ''tele''<br>(''singular genitive'') || ''tulu''<br>("not the triggerfish") | |||
|} | |||