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Kelt: Difference between revisions
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'''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are few written survivals and the primary source of information is through its impact on the language of Pulqer, which replaced it. ''Kelt'' is the name of the language in Pulqer, it is thought to have been called ''Keltah'' by its speakers. | '''Kelt''' is the extinct native language of the island of Jacques (''Tśak''), believed to have been a language isolate. Relatively little is known of the language; there are few written survivals and the primary source of information is through its impact on the language of Pulqer, which replaced it. ''Kelt'' is the name of the language in Pulqer, it is thought to have been called ''Keltah'' by its speakers. | ||
==History== | |||
===Internal=== | |||
Prior to the arrival of the Pulqer on Jacques, the island was inhabited by various tribes described by the new arrivals: primarily the ''Khrapnathi'' and ''Lakhaśqraelithi'' (''Qraalakaśaqralitti'') in the north east, the ''Laphakhraelithi'' (''Qraalapakqralitti'') and ''Paekhi'' (''Qraapak'') in the south east, the ''Urumuaeli'' (''Qraahurumwaal'') in the southern forests and the ''Baerqhalue'' (''Qraabaarqalwah'') | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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Nouns are not marked for case (syntax is used to indicate the function of the noun), but the genitive construction is formed by adding the suffix ''-i'' to the possessed noun in the absolute state followed by the possessor in the relevant state, e.g. ''nuukaahi qeput'' "the man's dogs", ''qralahi qafaks'' "the woman's house", ''palatiiki | Nouns are not marked for case (syntax is used to indicate the function of the noun), but the genitive construction is formed by adding the suffix ''-i'' to the possessed noun in the absolute state followed by the possessor in the relevant state, e.g. ''nuukaahi qeput'' "the man's dogs", ''qralahi qafaks'' "the woman's house", ''palatiiki selikittiik'' "hunters' spears". | ||
====Demonstrative Prefixes==== | ====Demonstrative Prefixes==== | ||
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Basic word order is SVO. Where the subject and/or object are pronouns, they are expressed with prefixes so that a single verb may be an entire sentence, e.g. ''kilupiini'' "I love you", ''siwutanya'' "he will kill them". | Basic word order is SVO. Where the subject and/or object are pronouns, they are expressed with prefixes so that a single verb may be an entire sentence, e.g. ''kilupiini'' "I love you", ''siwutanya'' "he will kill them". | ||
Arguments formed of a noun or noun phrase are placed before or after the conjugated verb, which must include the relevant prefixes agreeing in gender and number with the argument, e.g. ''qeput sihupiini fakah'' "the man loves a woman", '' | Arguments formed of a noun or noun phrase are placed before or after the conjugated verb, which must include the relevant prefixes agreeing in gender and number with the argument, e.g. ''qeput sihupiini fakah'' "the man loves a woman", ''qeselik siwutanya qiitruts'' "the hunter will kill the boars". | ||
Indirect objects are placed before or after the main SVO structure, usually preceded by a preposition, e.g. ''tihurawamen fal kat'' "you gave it to me", ''ipa palatiik wisutanamen'' "they killed him with spears". Indirect objects of a causative verb (i.e. the semantic object of the original verb) always come after the verb, e.g. ''kisuneenitsa qaqral'' "I made him see the house, I showed him the house). | Indirect objects are placed before or after the main SVO structure, usually preceded by a preposition, e.g. ''tihurawamen fal kat'' "you gave it to me", ''ipa palatiik wisutanamen'' "they killed him with spears". Indirect objects of a causative verb (i.e. the semantic object of the original verb) always come after the verb, e.g. ''kisuneenitsa qaqral'' "I made him see the house, I showed him the house). | ||
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* Noun + Noun compounds usually create a subtype of the head noun, e.g. ''laan'' "breath" + ''qal'' "wind" = ''laanqalah'' "breeze", ''tśitel'' "demon" + ''hel'' "fire" = ''tśitselhelah'' "wild-fire". In some cases there may be a genitive relationship between the two elements, e.g. ''kayat'' "fish" + ''palat'' "spear" = ''kayatpalateh'' "fish-spear, harpoon", ''tur'' "god" + ''qral'' "house" = ''turqralah'' "temple". Usually the compound will follow the gender of the head noun, but semantics may dictate otherwise. | * Noun + Noun compounds usually create a subtype of the head noun, e.g. ''laan'' "breath" + ''qal'' "wind" = ''laanqalah'' "breeze", ''tśitel'' "demon" + ''hel'' "fire" = ''tśitselhelah'' "wild-fire". In some cases there may be a genitive relationship between the two elements, e.g. ''kayat'' "fish" + ''palat'' "spear" = ''kayatpalateh'' "fish-spear, harpoon", ''tur'' "god" + ''qral'' "house" = ''turqralah'' "temple". Usually the compound will follow the gender of the head noun, but semantics may dictate otherwise. | ||
* Adjective + Noun compounds also form a subtype of the noun, e.g. ''suup'' "large" + ''qral'' "house" = ''suupqralah'' "mansion, palace", | * Adjective + Noun compounds also form a subtype of the noun, e.g. ''suup'' "large" + ''qral'' "house" = ''suupqralah'' "mansion, palace", | ||
* Verb + Noun compounds form a subtype of the noun that carries out that verb either as the agent or as an instrument, e.g. '' | * Verb + Noun compounds form a subtype of the noun that carries out that verb either as the agent or as an instrument, e.g. ''selik'' "hunt" + ''nuuk'' "dog" = ''seliknuukah'' "hound". | ||
Adjective compounds consist of a head word preceded by a qualifying noun or adjective: | Adjective compounds consist of a head word preceded by a qualifying noun or adjective: | ||
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* '''QRAL''' ''no.'' house, dwelling, building used for a specific purpose • ''v.'' dwell, live | * '''QRAL''' ''no.'' house, dwelling, building used for a specific purpose • ''v.'' dwell, live | ||
* '''RAWA''' ''no.'' gift • ''v.'' give | * '''RAWA''' ''no.'' gift • ''v.'' give | ||
* ''' | * '''SELIK''' ''no.'' quarry, prey • ''v.'' hunt, chase'' | ||
** ''' | ** '''selikitti''' ''nm.'' hunter | ||
* '''SIL''' ''no.'' rain • ''v.'' rain | * '''SIL''' ''no.'' rain • ''v.'' rain | ||
* '''SUNTS''' ''no.'' sleep • ''v.'' sleep | * '''SUNTS''' ''no.'' sleep • ''v.'' sleep | ||
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|kill = tan | |kill = tan | ||
|fight = | |fight = | ||
|hunt = | |hunt = selik | ||
|hit = | |hit = | ||
|cut = | |cut = | ||