581
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Aryan: Difference between revisions
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→Lesson 3
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''*daim-'' "building" [n/v] (Greek δέμω < ''*daímōm'', ''*d∅mmi'') > ''*daímas'' [bare noun], ''*d∅más'' "building" [adjective-noun] (Greek δῶ "house"), ''*dámas'' "house" [result-noun] (Latin domus, Greek δόμος "house") | ''*daim-'' "building" [n/v] (Greek δέμω < ''*daímōm'', ''*d∅mmi'') > ''*daímas'' [bare noun], ''*d∅más'' "building" [adjective-noun] (Greek δῶ "house"), ''*dámas'' "house" [result-noun] (Latin domus, Greek δόμος "house") | ||
''*paid-'' "stepping" [n/v] > paídas [bare noun], ''*p∅dás'' "foot" [adjective-noun] (Latin pes, Greek πούς "foot"), ''*pádas'' "step" [result-noun] | ''*paid-'' "stepping" [n/v] > ''*paídas'' [bare noun], ''*p∅dás'' "foot" [adjective-noun] (Latin pes, Greek πούς "foot"), ''*pádas'' "step" [result-noun] | ||
''*h<sub>1</sub>ed-'' "eating" [n/v] (German esse, Russian ем, Latin edō, Greek ἔδω < ''*h<sub>1</sub>édōm'', ''*yédmi'') > ''*h<sub>1</sub>édas'' [bare noun], ''*yedás'' "eater" [adjective-noun], ''*h<sub>1</sub>ádas'' [result-noun] | ''*h<sub>1</sub>ed-'' "eating" [n/v] (German esse, Russian ем, Latin edō, Greek ἔδω < ''*h<sub>1</sub>édōm'', ''*yédmi'') > ''*h<sub>1</sub>édas'' [bare noun], ''*yedás'' "eater" [adjective-noun], ''*h<sub>1</sub>ádas'' [result-noun] | ||
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-ōm/mi | -ōm/mi | ||
-āṓm/-mā | -āṓm/-mā | ||
*pʰaír- | |||
-ōm / *-mi (perfective) | |||
*-āṓm / *-āmi (perfective) | |||
í (animated nouns) | |||
ì (inanimate nouns) *neuter nouns and vocatives have recessive accent | |||
Aryan has a complex system of accent loss | |||
As Greek neuter nouns possess recessive accent (especially the monosyllabic ones, which when accented, carry a circunflex) | |||
*paid- ... *p∅dás | |||
*p∅dás > páds > póds | |||
*p∅dás > *póds > pēs, πούς | |||
*p∅dasyás > *pedés > pedis, ποδός | |||
*/ə/ > */e/ when pretonic or tonic polysyllabic [exception: o-derivation] | |||
*/ə/ > */o/ when postonic or tonic monosyllabic (*pʰ∅rás > *pʰárs >*pʰórs > *pʰṓr) [exception: o-derivation] | |||
*/əi̯/ > */e/, */aː/ when result of zero-grade | |||
*/ai̯/ > */ai̯/ | |||
*pʰrás | |||
laryngeals turn into vowels and vice-versa | |||
*mai > *meh1 | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||