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Tefrian: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | irregular | ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | irregular | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|ڤر}}}} ''vir''<br /><span style="color:gray">"man"</span> | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|ڤر}}}} ''vir''<br /><span style="color:gray">"man"</span> | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab| | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ڤیع}} ''veyeˤ''<br /><span style="color:gray">"men"</span> | ||
|- style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" | |- style="font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|ارض}}}} ''eraċ''<br /><span style="color:gray">"land"</span> | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|ارض}}}} ''eraċ''<br /><span style="color:gray">"land"</span> | ||
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* <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|طو}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شفر}}</span> — ''<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">ṭaw</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">šufr</span>'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">this/that</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">book</span>" | * <span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|طو}}</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شفر}}</span> — ''<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">ṭaw</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">šufr</span>'' — "<span style="background-color:#ffa5a5">this/that</span> <span style="background-color:#a6aeff">book</span>" | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Tefrian verbs conjugate for person, number, and mood, and express things such as tense and negation using prefixation. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|+ '''Conjugation of {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|عف}}}} ''ˤef''''' | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Active | |||
! rowspan="5" | | |||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Passive | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
! singular | |||
! plural | |||
! singular | |||
! plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | 1st person | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفم}} ''ˤefem'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفن}} ''ˤefen'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفمر}} ''ˤefmer'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفنت}} ''ˤefnet'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | 2nd person | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفش}} ''ˤefeš'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفر}} ''ˤefer'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفشر}} ''ˤefšer'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفرت}} ''ˤefret'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | 3rd person | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفد}} ''ˤefed'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفلد}} ''ˤefeld'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفتر}} ''ˤefter'' | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفلت}} ''ˤeflet'' | |||
|} | |||
====Verbal Prefixes==== | |||
=====Negation===== | |||
The prefix {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناـ}} ''nã-'' is used to negate verbs. | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفم}} ''ˤefem, "I make"'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem, "I do not make"'' | |||
=====Tense===== | |||
The prefix {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زـ}} ''ze-'' is used to put verbs in the simple past tense. | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفم}} ''ˤefem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زعفم}} ''zeˤfem, "I made"'' | |||
And the prefix {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|اـ}} ''i-'' is used to put verbs in the simple past tense. | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|عفم}} ''ˤefem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|اعفم}} ''iˤfem, "I will make"'' | |||
The aforementioned negation prefix also combines with the tensal prefixes. | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زاعفم}} ''zãˤfem, "I did not made"'' | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ایعفم}} ''ẽˤfem, "I will not make"'' | |||
=====Preverbs===== | |||
Preverbs express adverbial senses such as location, direction, time, and relation. Preverbs go after negation/tense prefixes. Below are some common preverbs: | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|حـ}} — ''ḥi-'' — "in, within, inside, into, here, herein" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شـ}} — ''ši-'' — "there, therein, thereto, towards" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|مـ}} — ''mu-'' — "together, not alone, with the assistance of someone or something" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|دـ}} — ''da-'' — "again, one more time" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|رـ}} — ''re-'' — "out of, outside, outside of, outwards" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ادـ}} — ''ed(e)-'' — "to, towards, in the direction of" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|حڤـ}} — ''ḥev-'' — "away, away from, far, far away" | |||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ڤرـ}} — ''vor-'' — "for, in order to" | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
==Example text== | ==Example text== | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||