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Tefrian: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Tefrian is a member of the West-Asisic branch of the {{Asisic languages}}. | |||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The known history of Tefrian can be divided into the following distinct periods: | |||
===Old Tefrian=== | ===Old Tefrian=== | ||
Old Tefrian is thought to have began diverging from Proto-West Asisic during the 10th century BC, vaguely corresponding with the migration of Iranic groups into Modern-Day Persia. The oldest attestations of Tefrian are sparce inscriptions in [[w:Ancient South Arabian script|Old South Arabian]] and [[w:Old Persian cuneiform|Persian Cuneiform]] dated to the 8th century BC. Most of these inscriptions are of names or short prayers. | |||
* ˀmbˤl ḥftn /ʔampaʕl ħafatan/ — "may Ambaal lift us" | |||
Due to its location, situated in the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula along the gulf coast, Old Tefrian would come into direct contact with Persians, South Semites, and Eastern Arab tribes, evident by the many loanwords entering the language during the Old Tefrian period. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;" | |||
! Modern Tefrian | |||
! Old Tefrian | |||
! borrowed source | |||
! English translation | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شردار}} ''šerdār'' | |||
| ''šartār'' | |||
| Old Persian ''*xšaθradārah'' | |||
| shardar | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|کلیڤ}} ''klayev'' | |||
| ''kʰ(u)lāf'' | |||
| Middle Persian ''kulāf'' | |||
| hat | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|چر}} ''cur'' | |||
| ''c(a)tūr'' | |||
| Middle Persian ''čādur'' | |||
| clothing | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|امفعل}} ''emfeˤel'' | |||
| ''ampaˤl'' | |||
| Yemenite Arabic ''am-baˤl'' | |||
| Ambaal; master | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شۆل}} ''šöwel'' | |||
| ''šuyl'' | |||
| Yemenite Arabic ''šuÿl'' | |||
| affliction | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ۆدت}} ''ȳdut'' | |||
| ''yūtūtatʰ'' | |||
| Eastern Arabic ''judūdat'' | |||
| country | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|حینت}} ''ḥeyent'' | |||
| ''ḫatʰan'' | |||
| Old South Arabian ''ḫtn'' | |||
| son-in-law | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|طاڤ}} ''ṭãv'' | |||
| ''ṭanf'' | |||
| Old South Arabian ''ṭnf'' | |||
| cliff | |||
|- | |||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|مطر}} ''maṭṭar'' | |||
| ''maṭṭar'' | |||
| Old South Arabian ''mqṭr'' | |||
| shrine | |||
|} | |||
===Modern Tefrian=== | ===Modern Tefrian=== | ||
The transition to the modern form of Tefrian was already complete by the 10th century AD, evident by the increasing number or [[w:Arabic script|Arabic-Script]] transcripts in Tefrian from that period onwards. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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! style="font-weight:bold;" | Mid | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Mid | ||
| e̞ [[w:Arabic_diacritics#Kasrah|◌ِ]] | | e̞ [[w:Arabic_diacritics#Kasrah|◌ِ]] | ||
| | | (ə) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||