640
edits
Thangha': Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Verbs: Antipassives done
(→Verbs: Antipassives done) |
|||
| Line 411: | Line 411: | ||
I/you/he/... fell to the ground. | I/you/he/... fell to the ground. | ||
===Antipassive Voice=== | |||
This is only applicable to transitive verbs. It deletes the object of the verb, and places the subject of the verb in the absolutive case. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipassive_voice. The situation when it is used depends on whether the subject of the verb is a full noun phrase or a pronoun. | |||
====Full Noun Phrases==== | |||
There are two specific usages of the antipassive when the subject is a full noun phrase. One is in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomic_aspect gnomic utterances], and the other is to indicate that the subject of a transitive sentence is indefinite | |||
=====Gnomic Utterances===== | |||
To talk about general truths, the antipassive is used, with the subject occuring before the verb e.g. | |||
/kʷəʔˈta ʎama-ˈkəʔta/ | |||
[kʷʊˈtːa ʎæma-ˈkətːa] | |||
dog.ABS ANTIP.ATEL-bite | |||
Dogs bite. | |||
The object of the sentence can resurface after verb, marked with the dative prepositional clitic /dəʔ/ e.g. | |||
/kʷəʔˈta ʎama-ˈkəʔta dəʔ=ˈʀʷəʔtʷəʔ/ | |||
[kʷʊˈtːa ʎæma-ˈkətːa dɔʔ=ˈʁʷɔtːʷʊʔ] | |||
dog.ABS ANTIP.ATEL-bite DAT=bone | |||
Dogs bite bones. | |||
=====Indefinite Subjects===== | |||
The default voice can only be used for transitive verbs if the subject is definite. If the subject is indefinite, then the verb is antipassivised, and the subject reappears after the verb e.g. | |||
/ʎama-ˈkəʔta kʷəʔˈta/ | |||
[ʎæma-ˈkətːa kʷʊˈtːa] | |||
ANTIP.ATEL-bite dog | |||
A dog was biting (me / you / him / her / it ...) | |||
As with before, the object of the sentence can be placed at the end, marked with /dəʔ/ e.g. | |||
/ʎama-ˈkəʔta kʷəʔˈta dəʔ=ˈʀʷəʔtʷəʔ/ | |||
[ʎæma-ˈkətːa kʷʊˈtːa dɔʔ=ˈʁʷɔtːʷʊʔ] | |||
ANTIP.ATEL-bite dog DAT=bone | |||
A dog was biting the bone. | |||