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→Antipassive Voice: Pronominal Subjects
(→Verbs: Antipassives done) |
(→Antipassive Voice: Pronominal Subjects) |
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A dog was biting the bone. | A dog was biting the bone. | ||
====Pronominal Subjects==== | |||
Transitive verbs with pronomninal subjects are antipassivised in two cases: | |||
=====Object De-Emphasis===== | |||
If the subject of a transitive verb is a pronoun, and it is considered to be more integral to the action being performed than the object, then the verb is antipassivised e.g. | |||
/jəʔˈko mʲaⁿma-ˈsuːfəʔ/ | |||
[jɪʔˈko mʲæmma-ˈsuːfəʔ] | |||
2PS.SG.AGT ANTIP.TEL-rescue | |||
You saved it / him / her (with an feeling that only the listener could have performed the rescue) | |||
If the verb does not take the antipassive i.e. /mʲaɲəʔ-ˈsuːfəʔ/, there is no nuance that the rescue was only something that the listener could have performed. | |||
=====Involitional Action====== | |||
If a transitive verb has a pronominal subject that performs the action involitionally, then the verb is antipassivised and the subject takes the patientive case e.g. | |||
/ˈkəʔɲəʔ ʎama-ˈkəʔta/ | |||
[ˈkɪʔɲɪʔ ʎæma-ˈkətːa] | |||
3PS.PAT ANTIP.ATEL-bite | |||
He/she/they was/were biting (with a nuance that the biting was uncontrallable, maybe they had rabies or were zombified or in an uncontrollable rage etc.) | |||