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Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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Added section on fricativisation
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:#Before a vowel with modal voice, where the preceding syllable of the word has modal voice. | :#Before a vowel with modal voice, where the preceding syllable of the word has modal voice. | ||
:#Before a vowel with breathy voice, where the preceding syllable of the word has breathy voice. | :#Before a vowel with breathy voice, where the preceding syllable of the word has breathy voice. | ||
:#Before a vowel with modal voice, where the preceding syllable of the word has breathy voice (in this case the voicing is not phonemic). | |||
In the latter case they are pronounced with breathy voice, like the murmured/voiced aspirated consonants of many Indian languages. | In the latter case they are pronounced with breathy voice, like the murmured/voiced aspirated consonants of many Indian languages. | ||
The same restrictions apply to the distribution of fricatives other than /s/, and of prestopped nasals except that they are never found in the 3rd | The same restrictions as above apply to the distribution of fricatives other than /s/, and of prestopped nasals except that they are never found in the 3rd and 4th cases, and also that voiceless fricatives can be found before two vowels with tense voice. | ||
*Ejectives are only ever found between two vowels with tense voice (possibly with /ɴ/ separating them). | *Ejectives are only ever found between two vowels with tense voice (possibly with /ɴ/ separating them). | ||
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If the verb base begins with a soft consonant, followed by modally | If the verb base begins with a soft consonant, followed by modally | ||
voiced /i/ or /ɨ/, followed by a voiceless obstruent (possibly with /ɴ/ | voiced /i/ or /ɨ/, followed by a voiceless obstruent (possibly with /ɴ/ | ||
intervening), | intervening), and after that a vowel with modal or breathy voice, then instead of using an infix, the initial vowel changes to <íey> /eiʔ/ e.g. | ||
using an infix, the initial vowel changes to <íey> /eiʔ/ e.g. | |||
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including you), mirative (remember that <sh> is only permitted before | including you), mirative (remember that <sh> is only permitted before | ||
vowels with modal voice, so it becomes <j> before the vowel with modal | vowels with modal voice, so it becomes <j> before the vowel with modal | ||
voice | voice) | ||
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noun-focus | noun-focus | ||
líeykù /leiʔkuɦ/ - to turn | líeykù /leiʔkuɦ/ - to turn me /us around (not including you) , noun-focus | ||
around, noun-focus | |||
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only phonemic if either of the adjacent vowel (s) have modal voice, so | only phonemic if either of the adjacent vowel (s) have modal voice, so | ||
<hl> /ɬ/ changed to <l> /l/) | <hl> /ɬ/ changed to <l> /l/) | ||
| |||
<h6>Fricativisation </h6> | |||
If the verb base begins with a soft consonant, followed by modally voiced /i/ or /ɨ/, followed by an approximant and after that a vowel with tense or breathy voice, then not only does the initial vowel change to íey, but the approximant becomes a fricative e.g. | |||
lirátù /liʁaʔtuɦ/ - to see, noun-focus | |||
líeyhátù /leiʔχaʔtuɦ - to see me / us (not including you), noun-focus | |||
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with /ɴ/ intervening), followed by a vowel with tense voice, then the | with /ɴ/ intervening), followed by a vowel with tense voice, then the | ||
voiceless obstruent (that begins the second syllable) becomes ejective e.g. | voiceless obstruent (that begins the second syllable) becomes ejective e.g. | ||
yíeykátù /jeiʔkaʔtuɦ/ - to tie up, noun-focus | yíeykátù /jeiʔkaʔtuɦ/ - to tie up, noun-focus | ||