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{{list subpages}}
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = Wug Schlaub
|pronunciation=  /wṳ˧ ɬəʊ˥/
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region =
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=[[Hlou-Shum languages|Hlou-Shum]]
|fam2=Hlouic
|script=Hlou featural script (''Schräd Schlaub'')
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''{{PAGENAME}}''' or '''Hlou''' (English: /(h)loʊ/ ''loh'' or homophonous with "hello"; natively: ''Wug Schlaub'' /wṳ˧ ɬəu˥/ 'Hlou speech' or 'Hlou thing') is a tonal language inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the [[Hlou-Shum languages]] and the official language of the people of Mpfa Schlaub, a country in Mpfa Wieb.


<!--
Schlaub liberally uses Easter eggs.


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
==Background==


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
==Todo==
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
need polysyllabic words that are written as one word (Hmong has some)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.


-->
Fill Mpfa Schlaub with Jabberwocky/Alice in Wonderland refs: Schleid Zeib, Wäb


==Introduction==
On Beyond Zebra reference in forbidden syllables (syllables that do not correspond to any Schlaub word): Jus, Wub, Schwub, Mpfuh, Flud, Glig, Nuh, Schnie, Wön, Ntzad, Flub, Tzäs, Jog, Flön, Ieß, Jäg, Schnruß, Hie
Hmooby-Doo is a Kammalic language (a subbranch of Pfeuno-K'aitian), meant to parody Hmong orthography. It is one of the languages of the Wiebosphere.


*1: geev /geːv/
==Diachronics==
*2: dxij /g!iː/
Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ''ai au'' with ''ei ou'' into ''ei au'' /əɨ əʊ/. Even ''i u'' in some open syllables turned into ''ei au''.
*3: nag /nag/
*4: schlawb /ɬaub/
*5: deuj /dəɨj/
*6: txaav /!aːv/
*7: rood /roːd/
*8: lööd /løːd/
*9: pag /pag/
*10: qia /qia/
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->


<!-- Example categories/headings:
Glottal stop finals (''-h'' in Schngellstein's spelling) come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.


Goals
''*ã'' > ''äu''; ''*ãʔ'' > ''oh''
Setting
Inspiration


-->
''*ẽ'' > ''ä''; ''*ẽj'' > ''ei''; ''*ẽʔ'' > ''äh''


<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
Hlou had a vowel shift from the Proto-Hlouic ten vowel system: /a ɛ i ɔ u ã ɛ̃ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ/ by merging /ã ĩ ũ/ with their non-nasalized counterparts, and after that /ɛ̃/ shifted to /ã/
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:


Vowel inventory
==Phonology==
Consonant inventory
===Standard (''Schlaub Bahn'')===
Syllable structure
====Vowels====
Stress
Hlou has 6 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
Intonation
 
a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ i ɨ ɔ u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
 
ei au äu = /əi əu əũ/


-->
ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n tones]


==Phonology==
====Consonants====
Standard Hlou has 70 initials.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ '''Hlou initials'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! colspan="2" | Retroflex
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''schm''' m̥
| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
|
| '''schn''' n̥
|
|
| '''schnr''' ɳ̊
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' m
| '''ml''' mˡ
|
| '''n''' n
| '''nl''' nˡ
|
| '''nr''' ɳ
 
| '''nrl''' ɳˡ
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' p
| '''bl''' pˡ
|
| '''d''' t
| '''dl''' tˡ
|
| '''dr''' ʈ
| '''drl''' ʈˡ
| '''g''' k
| '''gl''' kˡ
|
| |ʔ
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' pʰ
| '''pl''' pˡʰ
|
| '''t''' tʰ
| '''tl''' tˡʰ
|
| '''tr''' ʈʰ
| '''trl''' ʈˡʰ
| '''k''' kʰ
| '''kl''' kˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mb''' ᵐb
| '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ
|
| '''nd''' ⁿd
|
|
| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
|
| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
|
|
|-
| '''mp''' ᵐpʰ
| '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ
|
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
| '''ntl''' ⁿtˡʰ
|
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
| '''ntrl''' ᶯʈˡʰ
| '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
| '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Affricate
! <small>tenuis</small>
|
|
| '''dz''' ts̪
| '''ds''' ts̺
|
| '''dx''' tʃ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''pf''' pɸ
|
| '''tz''' ts̪ʰ
| '''ts''' ts̺ʰ
|
| '''tx''' tʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
|
|
| '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̺
|
| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''mpf''' ᵐpɸ
|
| '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ
| '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ
|
| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Continuant
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f
| '''fl''' fˡ
| '''z''' s̪
| '''s''' s̺
| '''schl''' ɬ
| '''x''' ʃ
| '''schr''' ʂ
|
| '''sch''' ɧ~x
|
| '''schw''' ʍ
| '''h''' h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
|
|
|
| '''l''' l
| '''j''' ʒ
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
|
|
|
| '''w''' w
|
|}
 
====Tone====
{{PAGENAME}} has 7 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
 
{|class="wikitable"
! Orthography
! Tone
! Example
! Suggested approximation
|-
| ∅
| mid level (33) / high checked (5)
| ''lau'' /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
| Vietnamese ''ngang'' / checked ''sắc''
|-
| '''-n'''
| low falling (21) / low checked (1)
| ''laun'' /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
| Vietnamese ''huyền'' / checked ''nặng''
|-
| '''-b'''
| high level / high falling (55~53)
| ''Laub'' /ləu˥˥/ 'leaf'
| Cantonese tone 1
|-
| '''-d'''
| dipping / mid falling (313~311)
| ''Laud'' /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
| Hanoi Vietnamese ''hỏi''
|-
| '''-g'''
| breathy mid level (33 + breathy)
| ''laug'' /lə&#804;u˧/ 'to knit'
|
|-
| '''-s'''
| rising (24)
| ''laus'' /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive'
| Hanoi Vietnamese non-checked ''sắc''
|-
| '''-ß'''
| broken rising (3ˀ5)
| ''Lauß'' /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'
| Hanoi Vietnamese ''ngã''
|}
 
Approximate tone frequencies (among non-entering tone syllables): b > s ~ 0 > n > ß ~ g > d
 
Tone split from breathy voice < voiced stops
 
===''Schlaub Glaß''===
The Schlaub Glaß dialect is a non-standard dialect of Hlou.
====Vowels====
a e i ie o u ä ö = /a ɛ ɪ i ɔ ʊ ɛ œ/
 
ei au äu = /ai aʊ ɔʏ/
 
ah eh ih ieh oh uh äh öh eih = /aʔ ɛʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -b tones (the latter written as -hl)]
 
====Consonants====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ '''Schlaub Glaß initials'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Palatal
! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''schm''' m̥
| '''schml''' m̥ˡ
|
| '''schn''' n̥
|
|
|
| '''schnr''' ɳ̊
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' m
| '''ml''' mˡ
|
| '''n''' n
|
|
|
| '''nr''' ɳ
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' p
| '''bl''' pˡ
|
| '''d''' t
| '''dl''' cˡ
|
|
| '''dr''' ʈ
| '''g''' k
| '''gl''' kˡ
|
|ʔ
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' pʰ
| '''pl''' pˡʰ
|
| '''t''' tʰ
| '''tl''' cˡʰ
|
|
| '''tr''' ʈʰ
| '''k''' kʰ
| '''kl''' kˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mb''' ᵐb
| '''mbl''' ᵐbˡ
|
| '''nd''' ⁿd
| '''ndl''' ᶮɟˡ
|
|
| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
|
|
|-
| '''mp''' ᵐpʰ
| '''mpl''' ᵐpˡʰ
|
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
| '''ntl''' ᶮcˡʰ
|
|
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
| '''nk''' ᵑkʰ
| '''nkl''' ᵑkˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Affricate
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''bv''' pv
|
| '''dz''' ts̪
| '''ds''' ts̺
|
| '''dx''' tʃ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''pf''' pf
|
| '''tz''' ts̪ʰ
| '''ts''' ts̺ʰ
|
| '''tx''' tʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mbv''' ᵐbv
|
| '''ndz''' ⁿdz̪
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̺
|
| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
| 
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''mpf''' ᵐpf
|
| '''ntz''' ⁿts̪ʰ
| '''nts''' ⁿts̺ʰ
|
| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Continuant
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f
|
| '''z''' s̪
| '''s''' s̺
| '''schl''' ɬ
| '''x''' ʃ
| '''schj''' ç
| '''schr''' ʂ
| '''sch''' ɧ<br/>'''ch''' x
|
| '''schw''' ʍ
| '''h''' h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
|
|
|
| '''l''' l, '''ł''' ɫ
|
| '''j''' j
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
|
|
| '''w''' w
|
|}
 
====Tone====
Tones are the same as in Schlaub Bahn, except that the ''d'' and ''g'' tones are merged into ''g''.
 
==Orthography==
===Traditional logography===
===Abugida===
===''Hrảm Hlóu'' (''Schräd La-Tin Schlaub'')===
This transliteration was created by Praimhín as an alternative to the German-inspired orthography.
====Initials====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Post-<br/>alveolar
! colspan="2" | Retroflex
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Labio-<br/>velar
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
! <small>plain</small>
! <small>lateral</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nasal
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''hm''' m̥
| '''hml''' m̥ˡ
|
| '''hn''' n̥
|
|
| '''hnr''' ɳ̊
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''m''' m
| '''ml''' mˡ
|
| '''n''' n
| '''nl''' nˡ
|
| '''nr''' ɳ
 
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! <small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' p
| '''bl''' pˡ
|
| '''d''' t
| '''dl''' tˡ
|
| '''dr''' ʈ
| '''drl''' ʈˡ
| '''g''' k
| '''gl''' kˡ
|
| |ʔ
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' pʰ
| '''pl''' pˡʰ
|
| '''t''' tʰ
| '''tl''' tˡʰ
|
| '''tr''' ʈʰ
| '''trl''' ʈˡʰ
| '''c''' kʰ
| '''cl''' kˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |<small>prenasalized</small>
| '''nb''' ᵐb
| '''nbl''' ᵐbˡ
|
| '''nd''' ⁿd
|
|
| '''ndr''' ᶯɖ
|
| '''ng''' ᵑɡ
| '''ngl''' ᵑɡˡ
|
|
|-
| '''np''' ᵐpʰ
| '''npl''' ᵐpˡʰ
|
| '''nt''' ⁿtʰ
| '''ntl''' ⁿtˡʰ
|
| '''ntr''' ᶯʈʰ
|
| '''nc''' ᵑkʰ
| '''ncl''' ᵑkˡʰ
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4"|Affricate
! <small>tenuis</small>
|
|
| '''ds''' ts̪
| '''dσ''' ts̺
|
| '''dx''' tʃ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| '''φ''' pɸ
|
| '''ts''' ts̪ʰ
| '''tσ''' ts̺ʰ
|
| '''tx''' tʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|<small>prenasalized</small>
|
|
| '''nds''' ⁿdz̪
| '''ndσ''' ⁿdz̺
|
| '''ndx''' ⁿdʒ
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| '''nφ''' ᵐpɸ
|
| '''nts''' ⁿts̪ʰ
| '''ntσ''' ⁿts̺ʰ
|
| '''ntx''' ⁿtʃʰ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Continuant
! <small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' f
| '''fl''' fˡ
| '''s''' s̪
| '''σ''' s̺
| '''hl''' ɬ
| '''x''' ʃ
| '''hr''' ʂ
|
| '''sg''' ɧ
|
| '''hw''' ʍ
| '''h''' h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
|
|
|
| '''l''' l
| '''j''' ʒ
| '''r''' ʐ~ɻ
|
|
|
| '''w''' w
|
|}
 
====Vowels====
 
a e i o u ei ou /a e i o u əi əu/
 
am om oum /ã~ɛ̃ õ ə̃u/
 
ac ec ic oc uc anc onc /aʔ eʔ iʔ oʔ uʔ/
 
===Featural script===
 
[[File:SchrogHahn_v1.0.png|200px|thumb|right|[[User:H. H. P. M. P. Cole|Cole]]'s featural script for Schlaub.]]
 
==Grammar==
Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
:'''''Die Wug mpes Nän sein.'''''
:/tɨ˧ wu&#804;˧ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
:INDEF bird_species drink water PROG
:''A wug is drinking water.''
 
:'''''Xan schwei Ntxuhn bis Tu Mäb.'''''
:/ʃa˨˩ ʍəi˧ ts̺ɨ˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧mɛ̃˥/
:1SG have home in Tumhan
:''I live in Tumhan.''
 
:'''''Dahn dsaub weg zu Mpfein an zu Schrös.'''''
:/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˥ we&#804;˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
:1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
:''We speak about love and hate.''
 
:'''''Dahn mpfein so, mplei dahn nkeiß Mbob so sein.'''''
:1PL love 3SG.A thus 1PL receive face 3SG.A PRES.PROG
:''We love him so we are welcoming him.''
 
===Pronouns===
====Personal====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Person !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| xan || bluß || dahn
|-
! 2
|| zied|| jen || schlag
|-
! 3
|| so (animate)<br/>ja (inanimate)|| nleib|| zug
|-
!2, 3 (respectful)
|colspan=3| Sie
|-
!Impersonal
|colspan=3| es
|-
!Reflexive
|colspan=3| schwe
|}
 
Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal ''es'' is used instead. For example, ''Es nlaß Ngu hin.'' (IMPERS fire_ceramic brick PST) means 'A brick was baked.' or 'Bricks were baked.'
 
====Demonstrative====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Correlatives
|-
! !! What !! This !! That !! Yon !! Any
|-
! Pronominal
|| nab || naus || nein || nin || nan
|-
! Place
|| drab || draus || drein || drin || dran
|-
! Manner/Extent
|| rab || raus || rein || rin || ran
|}
Other correlatives are formed by using these words with nouns.
 
Hlou is wh-in-situ:
 
*''Naus dzah nab?'' (this COP what) = What is this?
*''Ndob naus dzah nab?'' (person this COP what) = Who is this?
*''Zied be drab sein?'' (lit. you to where PROG) = Where are you going?
* ''dla rab?'' 'Why?', ''dla rein'' 'that's why' (Calquing vì sao, vì vậy)
* ''dlä rab nahn schluß...'' 'how to...' (lit. Do how in order to)
* ''dlä rab?'' 'What to do?'
 
===Prepositions===
*be = to; to go
*bis = in, at
*nre = on
*gan = without
* sä = with; to have
*in = of
*je = from
*dla = for; because of
*ob = vocative
*weg = about
*wi = away from
*schon = ago
*jaud = between
*tzig = across
*ös = over
*tud = under
*was = perhaps
*des = now
*wag = again
*treib = before
 
===Auxiliaries===
*hab = causative
*bleib = deliberately
*vein = accidentally
 
:'''''Xan bleib schäd Nduß hin.'''''
:''I deliberately dropped the glass.''
 
:'''''Xan vein schäd Nduß hin.'''''
:''I accidentally dropped the glass.''
 
===Particles===
*sein = present progressive
**Present progressive can also be formed by reduplicating the verb
*hin = past
*bei = future
*aus = cohortative
*es = question
*eh = tag question
*da = exclamatory
*nreh = negative
*doh = prohibitive
*los = inchoative
*man = emphatic
*wein = (literary) alas!, woe is...
*tag = comparative
*nad = superlative
*zu = verb to noun
 
===Conjunctions===
*an = and
*tei = or
*vei = exclusive or
*leid = but
*von = relative clause
*tun = complement clause
*daß = if
*schluß = then, so, therefore
*nahn schluß = so that, in order to
*dsäus = because (lit. reason)
 
===Nouns===
ein = definite article (proper nouns such as ''Wug Schlaub'' do not take it)
 
wie = specific article
 
die = indefinite article
 
Words may be pluralized by reduplication: ''Ndob Ndob'' = people. Uncountable nouns have no plural form.
 
Polysyllabic words also have a null plural:
 
:'''''Nkaub, ob Blieb-Blas!'''''
:fly VOC butterfly
:''Fly, butterflies!''
 
===Verbs and adjectives===
Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication.
 
''ntsien'' = slow; ''ntsien ntsien'' 'slowly'
 
===Classifiers===
 
===Numerals===
1-10: ''die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß''
 
100: ''trleh''
 
10000: ''schöd''


Initials (voiceless consonants are actually aspirated, and voiced consonants are unaspirated):
Numerals come before nouns:
:'''''So ploß beid weiß Sen.'''''
:3SG.AN son two ten year_of_age
:He is 20 years old.


p b tx dx s z t d k g q ġ m n ny v l schl r w y /p b ! g! s z t d k g q ɢ m n ɲ v l ɬ r w j/
==="The more... the more..."===
:X X SUBJ1, Y Y SUBJ2
:"The more SUBJ X's, the more SUBJ2 Y's."


ph bh txh dxh sh zh th dh ch gh qh ġh hm hl hr schlh /f v ɧ ɧ̬ h 0 θ ð x ɣ χ ʁ v w ɻ ɻ/
:'''''Xan eh schlaun Wiß j'ein zu Treig Treig. Lös lös xan, wäud wäud xan läß.'''''
:1SG NEG receive understanding from DEF INF happen happen. run run 1SG, become become 1SG fat.
:''I don't understand what's going on. The more I run, the fatter I get.''


np nb ntx ndx ns nt nd nk ng nq nġ n-y /b m g! ŋ! z d n g ŋ ɢ ɴ ɲ/
==="Schm-reduplication"===
Schlaub uses a form of schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is repeated.


nph nbh ntxh nsh nth ndh nkh ngh nqh nġh /v v ɧ̬ z 0 ð n ɣ w χ ʁ/
"Leid xan dzah heb die Nöb da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL


Consonants that can't both eclipse and lenite are only eclipsed under the conditions that trigger lenition + eclipsis.
"Nöb schmöb schmöb, zied mbuh ngäs man!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH


a e i o u w ö ü /a e i o ɨ u ø y/
===Fossilized morphology===
*PHS ''s-''
**''Schlähn'' 'tribe' < ''lähn'' 'three'
**''Schlaub'' 'year' < ''Laub'' 'leaf'
**''Schwiß'' 'plain' < ''biß'' 'flat'
*PHS ''-ʔ'' (reflected by tone change)
**''-g'' > ''-d'': ''Lied'' 'art song' < ''lieg'' 'to tell a lie; (''obsolete'') to express'


aa ee ii oo uu ww öö üü /aː eː iː oː ɨː uː øː yː/
==Vocabulary==
Hlou vocabulary is mostly native.


ai au aw aü ei eu ew eü ia ua wa üa /ai aɨ au ay əi əɨ əu əy iə ɨə uə yə/
===Chengyu===
Hlou, like Chinese, has chengyu or "4-character phrases". They sometimes extend to 6-character phrases by using the Burns stanza.
*''Ntzuh Vöhn Schrau Ndob (schnäub hös)'' 'the best laid schemes of mice and men (aft gang agley)' (lit. schemes of mouse and plans of man often fail)
*''Nleiß Beig Gluhn Schnoh'' 'opulent luxury' (lit. pure gold, gem, carmine, spice)
*''Schwas kö Schwas sihn'' 'reap what you sow' (lit. [If] rice sprouts, rice results)
**riff on Quacumquasit Pond


Finals:
==Poetry==
[Under construction. The poems are gibberish and are meant to illustrate the rhyme scheme.]
===Rhyme===
In addition to having the same rime, two words must rhyme in tone class in order to be considered to rhyme. -Ø, -b, -n are "flat" (''mla'') tones; -g, -d, -s, -ß and checked tones are "sharp" (''dzäß'') tones.


b d g j m q r s v /b d g j m q r s v/
===Virelai===
The virelai (Hlou: ''Traun Ntzob'') is a traditional Hlou poetic form. Although it is called the ''virelai'' in English, it borrows elements (like the rhyme scheme) from the Vietnamese ''lục bát''.


===Orthography===
Example [the poem is gibberish]:
===Consonants===


===Vowels===
<poem>
===Prosody===
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,''
====Stress====
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.''
====Intonation====
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,''
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.''


===Phonotactics===
''Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß,''
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
''blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlag,''
===Morphophonology===
''klaub wie raug Mlob weis schrah zied Glu.''


==Morphology==
''Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein,''
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
''Weg ndso ein Ndxäuß schred nreib,''
''Pfed zag tzau die Vaub dlei raus Schmub.''


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
''Daß zu Vein Nkaub ein Nlas,''
''An zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Wauß,''
''schniß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaug,''
''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haus nun Tsun.''


Nouns
''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzäh an Tsun,''
Adjectives
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, maß Schlub von trlien.''
Verbs
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß Schmieb,''
Adverbs
''Raus ein Pfeg nun schraß Xien taub tlub.''
Particles
</poem>
Derivational morphology


-->
===Burns stanza===
A variant of the Burns stanza is another traditional Hlou meter. This excerpt is from a poem by Schweid Täu-Rein.


==Syntax==
<poem>
===Constituent order===
''Tlad Hei drlah Mbauß,''
===Noun phrase===
''Xan schnuh zied nraug,''
===Verb phrase===
''Xob Ndzäu beis schraus –''
===Sentence phrase===
''Ihn Vug –''
===Dependent clauses===
''Ngiß Tsahn we jaud''
<!-- etc. etc. -->
''schrieb mbug.''
</poem>


==Example texts==
<poem>
==Other resources==
Though [your] body must [become] soil,
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
I touch you up close,
The warm embrace nurturing
[The] leaf [of] learning;
A garden growing between [us],
[which will] last forever.
</poem>


<!-- Template area -->
===Holorime===
Two lines with the same syllables but with different tones


== Phrasebook ==
# 'I love you': ''Xan lub zied.'' /ʃa˨˩ lu˥˥ s̪ɨ˧˩˧/


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
==Sample texts==
[[Category:Kammalic languages]]
=== A poem ===
[[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]]
<poem>
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Au xäub xäub
Ihn taub taub
Zied an xan
Bluß Ndob Schlaub
</poem>
===1 John 3:15===
<poem>
Daß Ndob nan schrös ein Nleis schwe, schluß so dzah die Ndob schwad Ndob, an schlag sab tun die Ndob schwad Ndob eh schwei ein Jun mbug bis schwe.
</poem>
[[Category:Hlou-Shum languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
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