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'''Péla'''{{efn|Also called '''Parla''', '''Pala''', '''Pâla''', '''Pela''', '''Pearlese''' or '''Pelese''' | '''Péla'''{{efn|[[Help:IPA|[pela]]]}}{{efn|Also called '''Parla''', '''Pala''', '''Pâla''', '''Pela''', '''Pearlese''' or '''Pelese'''; [[w:French language|French]]: ''perlanais''}} is a [[w:French-based creole language|French-based creole language]] spoken by the Pearl Island Creoles{{efn|Péla: ''Liljan''}} of Pearl Island.{{efn|Péla: ''Lilapela'', ''Lil'' for short; [[w:French language|French]]: ''Île-de-Perles''(traditional), ''Lilapéla''(modern)}} | ||
==Phonology== | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| i || u | |||
|- | |||
! Open-mid | |||
| ɛ || (ɔ){{efn|Though technically a phoneme, it is rare, and even in the few cases it appears it is often in free variation with /o/ for most speakers.}} | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| e || o õ | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| colspan=2 | a ã | |||
|} | |||
/ɛ/ and /e/ are separate phonemes, and are often the only differentiation between words that in French would be homophones, such as ''peche'' "to fish" and ''pèche'' "to sin". However, in the Lankou dialect(sometimes considered a separate language) /ɛ/ and /e/ have merged(and so has /ɔ/ and /o/, though in this case this phenomenon appears in standard Péla as well), meaning words like ''pech'' "fish" and ''pèch'' "sin" are homophones, as in its lexifier of French. | |||
==Grammar== | |||
===Article=== | |||
Péla has one article that acts as both an indefinite and definite article based on its position. If it is before a word, as in ''yan om'', it acts as an indefinite article("a man"). However, if it is after the word, it acts as a definite article, as in ''pajen yan'' "the old man". | |||
===Personal pronouns=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! First person | |||
| ''man'' || ''yon''{{efn|From French ''on'', which though formally is the equivalent of the pronoun "one", commonly acts as a first-person plural pronoun in colloquial French.}} | |||
|- | |||
! Second person | |||
| colspan=2 | ''ti'' | |||
|- | |||
! Third person | |||
| ''li'' || ''lis''{{efn|Derived from [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''eles'' "they (m)". ''Lich'' is an uncommon variation more closely based on the European Portuguese pronunciation of ''eles'': [[w:Help:IPA/Portuguese|[ˈe.lɨʃ]]].}}<br>''lich'' | |||
|} | |||
===Word order & tense=== | |||
Tense in Péla is, peculiarly, primarily indicated by word order. SVO(subject-verb-object) indicates present tense, as so(verbs indicated in '''bold'''): | |||
: ''Man '''oule''' yan fwi.'' | |||
: 1.SG want-VB ART.INDEF fruit | |||
: "I '''want''' a fruit." | |||
Past tense is indicated by a VSO(verb-subject-object) word order: | |||
: '''''Ale''' li yo twa son.'' | |||
: go.VB 3.SG to house 3.SG.GEN | |||
: "He '''went''' to his house." | |||
And finally, future tense is indicated by an SOV(subject-object-verb) word order: | |||
: ''Apè man fwi yan '''bouche'''.'' | |||
: later 1.SG fruit ART.DEF eat-VB | |||
: "I '''will eat''' the fruit later." | |||
===Word derivation=== | |||
Many Péla verbs and nouns alike are derived from each other. Verbs always end in ''-e'' or ''-è'' whereas nouns do not have a fixed ending, allowing for word coinage by simply adding or removing the suffix. For example: | |||
* ''bouch'''e''''' "to eat" from ''bouch'' "mouth"(From French ''bouche'') | |||
* ''liv'''e''''' "to read" from ''liv'' "book"(From French ''livre'') | |||
* ''bouson'''e''''' "to get drunk, to drink alcohol" from ''bouson'' "alcoholic drink"(From French ''boisson'' "beverage") | |||
* ''kreyon'''e''''' "to write, to draw" from ''kreyon'' "pencil, pen"(From French ''crayon'' "pencil") | |||
* ''pech'' "fish" from ''peche'' "to fish"(From French ''pêcher'') | |||
However, these can lead to bizarre semantic shifts, e.g.: | |||
* ''lapech'' "lost item", from ''lapeche'' "to search for [something]"(From French ''aller à la pêche'' "to go fishing") | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Péla]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] | [[Category:Péla]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] | ||