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Middle Semitic: Difference between revisions
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== Morphosyntax == | == Morphosyntax == | ||
Word-order is SVO and without case, this is rather strictly enforced. Pro-drop is common due to verbal inflection. | Word-order is SVO and without case, this is rather strictly enforced. Pro-drop is common due to verbal inflection. | ||
=== Copula === | |||
As in all Semitic languages, copulas very mixed. The shortest summary is this table: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! !! Past !! Non-Past | |||
|- | |||
! Existence | |||
| {{C|ܗܘ}} ''hô'' (copula) | |||
| ܝܫ (particle) | |||
|- | |||
! Equality | |||
| {{C|ܟܘܢ}} ''kôn'' (copula) | |||
| ܗܘܐ or ܗܝܐ or ܗܘܡ (pronouns) | |||
|} | |||
=== Prepositions === | |||
There are eight "small" prepositions which "conjugate". All other 'prepositions' are actually nouns in the construct state. | |||
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! !! 1cs !! 2ms !! 2fs !! 3ms !! 3fs !! 1cp !! 2cp !! 3cp | |||
|- | |||
! ܦ | |||
| ܦܢܝ ''in me'' || ܦܟܐ ''in you'' || ܦܟܝ ''in you'' || ܦܗܘ ''in him'' || ܦܗܐ ''in her'' || ܦܢܘ ''in us'' || ܦܟܡ ''in y'all'' || ܦܗܡ ''in them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܒ | |||
| ܒܢܝ ''on me'' || ܒܟܐ ''on you'' || ܒܟܝ ''on you'' || ܒܗܘ ''on him'' || ܒܗܐ ''on her'' || ܒܢܘ ''on us'' || ܒܟܡ ''on y'all'' || ܒܗܡ ''on them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܠ | |||
| ܠܢܝ ''for me'' || ܠܟܐ ''for you'' || ܠܟܝ ''for you'' || ܠܗܘ ''for him'' || ܠܗܐ ''for her'' || ܠܢܘ ''for us'' || ܠܟܡ ''for y'all'' || ܠܗܡ ''for them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܖܠ | |||
| ܖܠܢܝ ''upon me'' || ܖܠܟܐ ''upon you'' || ܖܠܟܝ ''upon you'' || ܖܠܗܘ ''upon him'' || ܖܠܗܐ ''upon her'' || ܖܠܢܘ ''upon us'' || ܖܠܟܡ ''upon y'all'' || ܖܠܗܡ ''upon them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܖܡ | |||
| ܖܡܢܝ ''with me'' || ܖܡܟܐ ''with you'' || ܖܡܟܝ ''with you'' || ܖܡܗܘ ''with him'' || ܖܡܗܐ ''with her'' || ܖܡܢܘ ''with us'' || ܖܡܟܡ ''with y'all'' || ܖܡܗܡ ''with them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܡܢ | |||
| ܡܢܢܝ ''from me'' || ܡܢܟܐ ''from you'' || ܡܢܟܝ ''from you'' || ܡܢܗܘ ''from him'' || ܡܢܗܐ ''from her'' || ܡܢܢܘ ''from us'' || ܡܢܟܡ ''from y'all'' || ܡܢܗܡ ''from them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܟ | |||
| ܟܢܝ ''like me'' || ܟܟܐ ''like you'' || ܟܟܝ ''like you'' || ܟܗܘ ''like him'' || ܟܗܐ ''like her'' || ܟܢܘ ''like us'' || ܟܟܡ ''like y'all'' || ܟܗܡ ''like them'' | |||
|- | |||
! ܒܝܢ | |||
| ܒܝܢܢܝ ''between me'' || ܒܝܢܟܐ ''between you'' || ܒܝܢܟܝ ''between you'' || ܒܝܢܗܘ ''between him'' || ܒܝܢܗܐ ''between her'' || ܒܝܢܢܘ ''between us'' || ܒܝܢܟܡ ''between y'all'' || ܒܝܢܗܡ ''between them'' | |||
|} | |||
== Lexicography == | == Lexicography == | ||