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Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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Slightly changed voice marking
(Simplified Verbal Morphology, got rid of Grammatical Mood) |
(Slightly changed voice marking) |
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| Line 2,193: | Line 2,193: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Reflexive | |Reflexive | ||
| | |ier | ||
| | |il | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Perfective Antipassive | |Perfective Antipassive | ||
| | |ut / úow(tq)s (see below) | ||
| | |atl | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Imperfective Antipassive | |Imperfective Antipassive | ||
| Line 2,205: | Line 2,205: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Superordinate | |Superordinate | ||
|át( | |át(q) | ||
| | |áet(q)l | ||
|} | |} | ||
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daesamaehlu /dɛsamɛɬu/ - to scam / swindle us (including you), verb-focus | daesamaehlu /dɛsamɛɬu/ - to scam / swindle us (including you), verb-focus | ||
dieramaehlu /deʁamɛɬu/ - to scam / swindle oneself, verb-focus | |||
If the first vowel of the verb base has | If the first vowel of the verb base has | ||
breathy or tense voice, and the infix inserted would contain /ɬ/ (which | breathy or tense voice, and the infix inserted would contain /ɬ/ (which | ||
can only occur before modal voice vowels), then | can only occur before modal voice vowels), then it becomes /l/ and /tɬ/ respectively. However it | ||
still blocks the spread of the voicing e.g. | still blocks the spread of the voicing e.g. | ||
| Line 2,257: | Line 2,257: | ||
pyolùu /pʲɔluːɦ/ - to purify you, noun-focus | pyolùu /pʲɔluːɦ/ - to purify you, noun-focus | ||
pyielùu /pʲeluːɦ/ - to purify | pyielùu /pʲeluːɦ/ - to purify | ||
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However, remember that alveolar stops (e.g. /t/) can never occur before /i/ and /ʎ/ (with any phonation), nor before tense voice /eʔ/ and /ɘʔ/, nor before diphthongs starting with these. If a verb begins with a hard consonant followed by one of these vowels, a different infix is used, normally - | However, remember that alveolar stops (e.g. /t/) can never occur before /i/ and /ʎ/ (with any phonation), nor before tense voice /eʔ/ and /ɘʔ/, nor before diphthongs starting with these. If a verb begins with a hard consonant followed by one of these vowels, a different infix is used, normally -úows- e.g. | ||
inyieli-aa /ʔiɲeliʔaː/ - to pierce, verb-focus | |||
úowsinyieli-aa /ʔouʔsiɲeliʔaː/ - to pierce, verb-focus, perfective antipassive | |||
kivieliqiewn /kiɥeliʔeuɴ/ - to die, verb-focus | kivieliqiewn /kiɥeliʔeuɴ/ - to die, verb-focus | ||
kúowsivieli-iewn /kouʔsiɥeliʔeuɴ/ - to die, verb-focus, perfective antipassive | |||
sisíeychu /siseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus | sisíeychu /siseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus | ||
súowsisíeychu /souʔsiseiʔcu/ - to stab, verb focus, perfective antipassive | |||
However, if the first vowel of the verb root had tense voice, the ejective - | However, if the first vowel of the verb root had tense voice, the ejective -tqs- is used instead e.g. | ||
kátla /kaʔtɬa/ - to make someone's acquaintance, verb focus | 'kátla /kaʔtɬa/ - to make someone's acquaintance, verb focus | ||
'kúowttsátla /kouʔtsʼaʔtɬa/ - to make someone's acquaintance, verb-focus, perfective antipassive | |||
íeypyi-iiey /ʔeiʔpʲiʔeːi/ - to spit out, verb-focus | |||
úowttsíeypyi-iiey /ʔouʔtsʼeiʔpʲiʔeːi/ - to spit out, verb-focus, perfective antipassive | |||
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<h4>Vowel Replacement</h4> | <h4>Vowel Replacement</h4> | ||
All Antarctican verbs use infixation to mark 1st person exclusive objects, whom, what (as a direct object), the imperfective antipassive, and the superordinate voice. However, there is a subset of verbs that use vowel replacement to mark 1st person inclusive objects, 2nd person objects | All Antarctican verbs use infixation to mark 1st person exclusive objects, whom, what (as a direct object), reflexive objects, the imperfective antipassive, and the superordinate voice. However, there is a subset of verbs that use vowel replacement to mark 1st person inclusive objects, 2nd person objects, and the perfective antipassive. | ||
These are verbs where either a) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /i/, the second vowel has breathy voice, and there is no nasal intervening (plain nasals, prestopped nasals, and the placeless nasal /ɴ/ all count) or b) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /ʎ/, which is immediately followed by a voiceless obstruent, without /ɴ/ intervening or c) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /ʎ/, which is immediately followed by an approximant and then a vowel with breathy voice, without /ɴ/ intervening | These are verbs where either a) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /i/, the second vowel has breathy voice, and there is no nasal intervening (plain nasals, prestopped nasals, and the placeless nasal /ɴ/ all count) or b) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /ʎ/, which is immediately followed by a voiceless obstruent, without /ɴ/ intervening or c) the first vowel is short, modally voiced /ʎ/, which is immediately followed by an approximant and then a vowel with breathy voice, without /ɴ/ intervening | ||
| Line 2,469: | Line 2,467: | ||
|óe | |óe | ||
|óe | |óe | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Perfective Antipassive | |Perfective Antipassive | ||
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sóesíeychu /sɜʔseiʔcu/ - to stab you, verb focus | sóesíeychu /sɜʔseiʔcu/ - to stab you, verb focus | ||
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siemisíeychu /semiseiʔcu/ - to stab me / us (not including you), verb focus | siemisíeychu /semiseiʔcu/ - to stab me / us (not including you), verb focus | ||
sierisíeychu /seʁiseiʔcu/ - to stab oneself, verb focus | |||
sarisíeychu /saʁiseiʔcu/ - to stab who, verb focus | sarisíeychu /saʁiseiʔcu/ - to stab who, verb focus | ||
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kóeròemùe /kɜʔʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite you, verb focus | kóeròemùe /kɜʔʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite you, verb focus | ||
kieriròemùe /keʁiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite oneself, verb focus | |||
kariròemùe /kaʁiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite who, verb focus | kariròemùe /kaʁiʁɜɦmɨɦ/ - to bite who, verb focus | ||
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yóetinju /jɜʔtiɴɟu/ - to count you, verb focus | yóetinju /jɜʔtiɴɟu/ - to count you, verb focus | ||
shiluetinju /çilɨtiɴɟu/ - to count oneself, verb focus | |||
shieluetinju /çelɨtiɴɟu/ - to count who, verb focus | shieluetinju /çelɨtiɴɟu/ - to count who, verb focus | ||