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Izhkut: Difference between revisions
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
This table only shows the consonants in Mainland Izhkut. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! !! Bilabial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ! !! Bilabial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| || (θ) (ð) || s z || ʃ ʒ || || x || | | || (θ) (ð) || s z || ʃ ʒ || || x || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tap or Flap | ! Tap or Flap | ||
| (ɾʷ) || || ɾ || | | (ɾʷ) || || ɾ || || (ɾʲ) || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Semivowel | ! Semivowel | ||
| || || || || j || | | || || || || j || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Laterals | ! Laterals | ||
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However, modern Izhkut also departs from Old Izhkut grammar through various forms, such as T-V distinction in plural second-person as well as the use of [[#Pitch-accent|pitch-accent]] to differentiate nominative and accusative. | However, modern Izhkut also departs from Old Izhkut grammar through various forms, such as T-V distinction in plural second-person as well as the use of [[#Pitch-accent|pitch-accent]] to differentiate nominative and accusative. | ||
====Vocative==== | |||
In Mainland dialects, a vocative particle, ''i'', is always placed before singular second and third person pronouns. For example: | |||
: ''Luën '''i''' la sëm?'' | |||
: "What would you like?"(''lit.'' "Want o thou what?") | |||
: ''Luën '''i''' sa ge luhus reosh.'' | |||
: "He would like the chicken soup."(''lit.'' "Want o he the soup chicken.") | |||
====T-V distinction==== | ====T-V distinction==== | ||
<small>''Main article: [[Izhkut dialects#T-V distinction|Izhkut dialects § T-V distinction]]''</small><br> | <small>''Main article: [[Izhkut dialects#T-V distinction|Izhkut dialects § T-V distinction]]''</small><br> | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Like most Taskaric languages, Izhkut syntax is mostly isolating, with grammatical mood and tense shown by preceding and proceeding particles. | |||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Izhkut, like most Taskaric languages, uses a VSO(verb-subject-object) constituent order. | Izhkut, like most Taskaric languages, uses a VSO(verb-subject-object) and noun-adjective constituent order. | ||
===Verbs=== | |||
====Mood==== | |||
====Aspect==== | |||
Dichotomic aspect(perfective/imperfective) is optional, but can be shown(and is commonly done so in Colonial dialects) by one of two particles: | |||
* ''lae'' verb - perfective(''le'' verb in Colonial dialects.) | |||
* ''lun'' verb - imperfective | |||
====Tense==== | |||
Present tense is left unmarked. Tenses apart from present tense are shown by proceeding particles: | |||
* verb ''ya'' - far past | |||
* verb ''a'' - past | |||
* verb ''oë'' - future | |||
* verb ''oëhe'' - far future(rarely used) | |||
==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||