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Izhkut: Difference between revisions
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| nativename = jënn izhkut | | nativename = jënn izhkut | ||
| pronunciation = ˈɟɛ̂n̪ iʒkut]<br>[ˈd͡ʒeːn iʒkut | | pronunciation = ˈɟɛ̂n̪ iʒkut]<br>[ˈd͡ʒeːn iʒkut | ||
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Izhkut | |||
| created = 2022 | | created = 2022 | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
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| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Izhkut'''(''jënn izhkut'', <small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[ | '''Izhkut'''(''jënn izhkut'', <small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈɟɛ̂n̪ iʒkut]]]; <small>[[Colonial Izhkut|General Colonial]]:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈd͡ʒeːn iʒkut]]]), also known as '''Ishcot''' is the most spoken [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] language in Radael, with a native speaker population of {{formatnum:126000000}} people, and it is spoken by another {{formatnum:234000}} as an L2 language, primarily by students in the nation of Ingdikh, where learning the language is a compulsory part of the curriculum. The language as a whole also operates as a ''lingua franca'' in the scientific community in Birnu, as well as in diplomacy on the continent. It is also one of the 8 official languages in the West Birnu Economic Union(WBEU). | ||
Modern Izhkut is divided into two main dialect groups: [[#Mainland|Mainland]] and [[Colonial Izhkut|Colonial]]. Mainland dialects are spoken in Izhkutrëa proper, and historically were the basis of Standard Izhkut, though modern Mainland dialects have mostly diverged from the Standard to varying degrees(even the least divergent dialects, such as those of Ubëes, have incorporated many slang words that are not recognised in Standard Izhkut). Colonial dialects are a diverse dialect continuum primarily spoken in the Izhkut Colonies(Standard Izhkut: ''Misogra''; Colonial Izhkut: ''Uesi''), characterised by a phonology and grammar distinct from Standard or Mainland Izhkut, as well as a vocabulary heavily influenced by languages indigenous to the Colonies and also great internal diversity; Colonial dialects themselves are generally divided into Bay Area(in and around the Gibios Bay) and Strait(around the Chepsëh strait) dialect continua that have their own distinct vocabulary and slang, if similar phonology and grammar. | Modern Izhkut is divided into two main dialect groups: [[#Mainland|Mainland]] and [[Colonial Izhkut|Colonial]]. Mainland dialects are spoken in Izhkutrëa proper, and historically were the basis of Standard Izhkut, though modern Mainland dialects have mostly diverged from the Standard to varying degrees(even the least divergent dialects, such as those of Ubëes, have incorporated many slang words that are not recognised in Standard Izhkut). Colonial dialects are a diverse dialect continuum primarily spoken in the Izhkut Colonies(Standard Izhkut: ''Misogra''; Colonial Izhkut: ''Uesi''), characterised by a phonology and grammar distinct from Standard or Mainland Izhkut, as well as a vocabulary heavily influenced by languages indigenous to the Colonies and also great internal diversity; Colonial dialects themselves are generally divided into Bay Area(in and around the Gibios Bay) and Strait(around the Chepsëh strait) dialect continua that have their own distinct vocabulary and slang, if similar phonology and grammar. | ||
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| ɛa̯ || ɛɪ̯ || ɛʊ̯ || ɛɔ̯ | | ɛa̯ || ɛɪ̯ || ɛʊ̯ || ɛɔ̯ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Though /eɛ̯/ and /ɛɨ̯/ don't occur in any dialect, some older, primarily Pokht-derived placenames still orthographically retain these diphthongs, e.g. the city of ''Kohfëef''.{{efn|Old Izhkut pronunciation: [[ | Though /eɛ̯/ and /ɛɨ̯/ don't occur in any dialect, some older, primarily Pokht-derived placenames still orthographically retain these diphthongs, e.g. the city of ''Kohfëef''.{{efn|Old Izhkut pronunciation: [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈko̞xfɛe̯f]]]; Pokht: ''Kohfeif'' [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈkɔʊ̯.feɪ̯f]]]}} However, these diphthongs are replaced with i-initial or i-final dipthongs, so ''Kohfëef'' is pronounced [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈkoxfɛɪ̯f]]] or [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈkoxfeɪ̯f]]], and ''Ubëes'' is pronounced [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈubɛɪ̯s]]]. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
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: "I have '''no''' money." | : "I have '''no''' money." | ||
====Negative imperative==== | ====Negative imperative==== | ||
In Mainland dialects, the imperative is marked by the preceding particle ''ma'', while the negative imperative is usually marked by the particle ''h'ma''(''hem'' + ''ma'', pronounced [[ | In Mainland dialects, the imperative is marked by the preceding particle ''ma'', while the negative imperative is usually marked by the particle ''h'ma''(''hem'' + ''ma'', pronounced [[IPA for Izhkut|[xˈma]]]). In Southern Mainland dialects, double negatives are also used in negative imperative phrases, a feature borrowed from [[Pokht]]: | ||
: '''''H'ma''' drapuk '''hem''' yosh.'' | : '''''H'ma''' drapuk '''hem''' yosh.'' | ||
: "Don't eat pork."(''lit.'' "Don't eat no pork.") | : "Don't eat pork."(''lit.'' "Don't eat no pork.") | ||
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==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
===Mainland=== | ===Mainland=== | ||
The '''Mainland dialects'''(Izhkut: ''yojjun Brigashed'' [[ | The '''Mainland dialects'''(Izhkut: ''yojjun Brigashed'' [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjôɟun̪ bɾʲiˈgaʃeð]]]) refer to the dialects of Izhkut that are spoken in Izhkutrëa proper. It is generally split into three sub-dialect groups: the North dialects, South dialects and Izhkrilin dialects. | ||
====North dialects==== | ====North dialects==== | ||
The '''North dialects''' or '''Northern dialects'''(Izhkut: ''yojjun oshulre''), also called the '''Ilyod dialects'''(''yojjun Ilyod'') are dialects spoken in the north of the Mainland. Their alternate name of the "Ilyod dialects" refer to the influence that the now extinct [[Ilyod|Ilyod language]](historically widely spoken in the areas where the North dialects are now prevalent) had on the phonology of the North dialects; most notably, the merging of /o/ into /u/, the lenition of /t d/ to /θ ð/ in all places(called "T-D lenition", this lenition also occurs in other dialects of Izhkut, though only allophonically of /t d/) and the lenition of the /lj/ cluster to just /j/. More recently, some features of [[Colonial Izhkut]] have seeped into the North dialects, more specifically the affricatisation of /ɟ/ to /d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ/. | The '''North dialects''' or '''Northern dialects'''(Izhkut: ''yojjun oshulre''), also called the '''Ilyod dialects'''(''yojjun Ilyod'') are dialects spoken in the north of the Mainland. Their alternate name of the "Ilyod dialects" refer to the influence that the now extinct [[Ilyod|Ilyod language]](historically widely spoken in the areas where the North dialects are now prevalent) had on the phonology of the North dialects; most notably, the merging of /o/ into /u/, the lenition of /t d/ to /θ ð/ in all places(called "T-D lenition", this lenition also occurs in other dialects of Izhkut, though only allophonically of /t d/) and the lenition of the /lj/ cluster to just /j/. More recently, some features of [[Colonial Izhkut]] have seeped into the North dialects, more specifically the affricatisation of /ɟ/ to /d͡ʑ~d͡ʒ/. | ||
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In Izhkut: | In Izhkut: | ||
: "''Yalos udleg'iu taplia io hegrij uos khrugid io pliedu. Zre goshmis menna uë diusra io vobbis io blaid ana narro mensi uos proinid teyea.''" | : "''Yalos udleg'iu taplia io hegrij uos khrugid io pliedu. Zre goshmis menna uë diusra io vobbis io blaid ana narro mensi uos proinid teyea.''" | ||
: [[ | : [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjalos udleg͜ iʊ̯ taplia̯ iɔ̯ ˈhegɾʲiɟ ˈuɔs xˈɾʷugið iɔ̯ ˈpliɨ̯ðu ‖ zɾe ˈgoʃmis mêna uɛ̯ ðiʊ̯sɾa iɔ̯ vôbis iɔ̯ blaɪ̯ð ana nâɾo menˈsi uɔ̯s ˈpɾoɪ̯nið teˈjea̯ ‖]]] | ||
In English: | In English: | ||
: "''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''" | : "''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''" | ||