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| state = ''Njalogun''{{efn|name=njalogun|(lit. "that which belongs to the Logun"; often translated as '''Logunland''')}} | | state = ''Njalogun''{{efn|name=njalogun|(lit. "that which belongs to the Logun"; often translated as '''Logunland''')}} | ||
| stand1 = Bhogàn Logun | | stand1 = Bhogàn Logun | ||
| ancestor1 = Old Logun | |||
| ancestor2 = Bhladh Logun | |||
| official = Minūrun, Tibirotak | | official = Minūrun, Tibirotak | ||
| majority = Minūrun | | majority = Minūrun | ||
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| ''enka'' || ''onka'' || ''enkabi'' || ''enkabo'' || ''enkadu'' | | ''enka'' || ''onka'' || ''enkabi'' || ''enkabo'' || ''enkadu'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Articles agree with all cases apart from genitive; in the case of a genitive phrase, the article will take the case from its position in the sentence, e.g.: | Articles are postpositional and agree with all cases apart from genitive; in the case of a genitive phrase, the article will take the case from its position in the sentence, e.g.: | ||
: ''Manya'nja bhenlok '''enka''' co ladib.'' | : ''Manya'nja bhenlok '''enka''' co ladib.'' | ||
: "The people's revolution was inevitable." | : "The people's revolution was inevitable." | ||
| Line 114: | Line 116: | ||
: "He hated the people's revolution." | : "He hated the people's revolution." | ||
The article instead takes its accusative form to show its position in the sentence. | The article instead takes its accusative form to show its position in the sentence. | ||
===Noun case=== | |||
Bhladh Logun retained six of the seven Proto-Upé cases, and by the development of modern Logun, the seventh, the so-called attributive case, was reborrowed from [[Teš]]. | |||
Case markers also vary based on the sound at the end; either a consonant, oral, or nasal vowel. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! rowspan=2 | !! rowspan=2 | Ending !! colspan=3 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | Meaning | |||
|- | |||
! ''bojuk''<br>"sister" !! ''ennu''<br>"tree" !! ''leden''<br>"afternoon" | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| ∅ || ''bojuk'' || ''ennu'' || ''leden'' || sister/tree/afternoon | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| ''-i'', ''-bi'', ''-ni'' || ''bojuki'' || ''ennubi'' || ''ledenni'' || sister/tree/afternoon | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ''-nja'', ''-'nja'', ''-ja'' || ''bojuknja'' || ''ennu'nja'' || ''ledenja'' || sister's/tree's/afternoon's | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ''-yo'' || ''bojukyo'' || ''ennuyo'' || ''ledenyo''{{efn|Can be pronounced [[Help:IPA|[lɛˈdẽ.jo]]] or [[Help:IPA|[lɛˈdɛɲo]]].}} || to sister/to tree/to afternoon | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| ''-la'', ''-bha'' || ''bojukla'' || ''ennubha'' || ''ledenbha'' || away from sister/away from tree/away from afternoon | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| ''-a'', ''-da'', ''-dan'' || ''bojuka'' || ''ennuda'' || ''ledendan'' || at sister/at tree/at afternoon | |||
|} | |||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO: | Logun's word order changes based on the object of the sentence. For example, in nominative-accusative phrases, the word order is SVO: | ||