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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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Evidentials for Reported Speech
(Evidentials for Reported Speech) |
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mother SBRD.ACC.EMP=SEC ANTIP=speak child=DAT 3PS.OBV.ERG INDEF=bone=SEC give dog | mother SBRD.ACC.EMP=SEC ANTIP=speak child=DAT 3PS.OBV.ERG INDEF=bone=SEC give dog | ||
The mother told the child that he / she (someone other than the mother, either the child or someone else) | The mother told the child that he / she (someone other than the mother, either the child or someone else) have the dog a bone. | ||
===Evidentials and Reported Speech=== | |||
When reporting what someone else has said, both clauses need to marked for evidentiality, both from the point of view of the speaker e.g. | |||
/kʰlè̤ ˈnòʔ=ɾí mí=ˈdè̤sì ˈḛ̂nèmì kúʔn/ | |||
child SBRD.ACC 1PS.EXCL.ACC=speak enemy depart | |||
The child told me the enemy departed (and I saw it happen too). | |||
If the speaker is reporting an event that someone told them about, but that they have not seen themselves, then they need to use an evidential in the subordinate clause e.g. | |||
/kʰlè̤ ˈnòʔ=ɾí mí=ˈdè̤sì ˈḛ̂nèmì hí=kúʔn/ | |||
child SBRD.ACC 1PS.EXCL.ACC=speak enemy REP=depart | |||
The child told me the enemy departed (but I didn't see it, I just heard about it). | |||
==Comparative Constructions== | ==Comparative Constructions== | ||
To say "more than ...", Kämpya speakers say ... / | To say "more than ...", Kämpya speakers say ... /téŋ/, where /téŋ/ is a postpositional clitic that also means "above" e.g. | ||
/kʰwèi̤ | /kʰwèi̤ ˈgàʔɾ=téŋ lwéʔpìd/ | ||
dog.TOP lizard=above fast | dog.TOP lizard=above fast | ||
Dogs are faster than lizards (literally "Dogs are fast above lizards"). | Dogs are faster than lizards (literally "Dogs are fast above lizards"). | ||