Rencadian: Difference between revisions

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Rencadian (view source)

Revision as of 02:05, 12 January 2016

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Line 78: Line 78:
* djarvar = seesaw = ʎ
* djarvar = seesaw = ʎ
* zji = hair = ɪ
* zji = hair = ɪ
* gænø = foot = ɺ
* gænψ = foot = ɺ
* minth = arm = ʏ
* minth = arm = ʏ
* nuret = star = ʞ
* nuret = star = ʞ
* ngølær = boat = ʁ
* ngψlær = boat = ʁ
* reλæth = tree = ʡ
* reλæth = tree = ʡ
* rhoadzet = pineapple = ð
* rhoadzet = pineapple = ð
Line 96: Line 96:
* i: ʷ (''tjiweσ ære'' 'small cloud')
* i: ʷ (''tjiweσ ære'' 'small cloud')
* o: ˣ (''tsordh ære'' 'small hourglass')
* o: ˣ (''tsordh ære'' 'small hourglass')
* ø: ʶ (''ngølær ære'' 'small boat')
* ψ: ʶ (''ngψlær ære'' 'small boat')
* u: ˧˥ (''nuret ære'' 'small star')
* u: ˧˥ (''nuret ære'' 'small star')


Line 160: Line 160:
| oa|| /ɔɑ ~ ɒɑ ~ ɒː/
| oa|| /ɔɑ ~ ɒɑ ~ ɒː/
|-
|-
| ø|| /ɨ/
| ψ|| /ɨ/
|-
|-
| u|| /ʊ/
| u|| /ʊ/
Line 211: Line 211:
# zaweth 'ant' → aweth
# zaweth 'ant' → aweth
# zawesj 'ant' (genitive) → awesj, '''ʙᴜᴛ''':
# zawesj 'ant' (genitive) → awesj, '''ʙᴜᴛ''':
# λø + lenited form of zawesj 'like an ant' → λønawesj
# λψ + lenited form of zawesj 'like an ant' → λψnawesj
# ensæ 'fruit' → nensæ
# ensæ 'fruit' → nensæ
# farnathe 'speech' (genitive) → nefarnathe, '''ʙᴜᴛ''':
# farnathe 'speech' (genitive) → nefarnathe, '''ʙᴜᴛ''':
Line 225: Line 225:
! Case !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! Case !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+me || [nom stem]+næ || [nom stem]+nø
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+me || [nom stem]+næ || [nom stem]+nψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+men || [nom stem]+nær || [nom stem]+nør
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+men || [nom stem]+nær || [nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+meth || [nom stem]+næth || [nom stem]+nøth
| Accusative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+meth || [nom stem]+næth || [nom stem]+nψth
|-
|-
| Dative || æn+[gen stem] || æn+[nom stem]+men || æn+[nom stem]+nær || æn+[nom stem]+nør
| Dative || æn+[gen stem] || æn+[nom stem]+men || æn+[nom stem]+nær || æn+[nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem] || me+[lenited nom stem]+men || me+[lenited nom stem]+nær || me+[lenited nom stem]+nør
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem] || me+[lenited nom stem]+men || me+[lenited nom stem]+nær || me+[lenited nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem] || ow+[lenited nom stem]+men || ow+[lenited nom stem]+nær || ow+[lenited nom stem]+nør
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem] || ow+[lenited nom stem]+men || ow+[lenited nom stem]+nær || ow+[lenited nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || rø+[lenited gen stem] || rø+[lenited nom stem]+men || rø+[lenited nom stem]+nær || rø+[lenited nom stem]+nør
| Instrumental || rψ+[lenited gen stem] || rψ+[lenited nom stem]+men || rψ+[lenited nom stem]+nær || rψ+[lenited nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsø+[lenited gen stem] || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+men || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+nær || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+nør
| Abessive || tsψ+[lenited gen stem] || tsψ+[lenited nom stem]+men || tsψ+[lenited nom stem]+nær || tsψ+[lenited nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λø+[lenited gen stem] || λø+[lenited nom stem]+men || λø+[lenited nom stem]+nær || λø+[lenited nom stem]+nør
| Equative || λψ+[lenited gen stem] || λψ+[lenited nom stem]+men || λψ+[lenited nom stem]+nær || λψ+[lenited nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ød+[lenited gen stem] || ød+[lenited nom stem]+men || ød+[lenited nom stem]+nær || ød+[lenited nom stem]+nør
| Anti-equative || ψd+[lenited gen stem] || ψd+[lenited nom stem]+men || ψd+[lenited nom stem]+nær || ψd+[lenited nom stem]+nψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited nom stem]+me || [lenited nom stem]+næ || [lenited nom stem]+nø
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited nom stem]+me || [lenited nom stem]+næ || [lenited nom stem]+nψ
|}
|}


Line 258: Line 258:
! ''erim'' 'tail' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! ''erim'' 'tail' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || erim || erimme || erimnæ || erimnø
| Nominative || erim || erimme || erimnæ || erimnψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || erime || erimmen || erimnær || erimnør
| Genitive || erime || erimmen || erimnær || erimnψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || erimeth || erimmeth || erimnæth || erimnøth
| Accusative || erimeth || erimmeth || erimnæth || erimnψth
|-
|-
| Dative || ænerime || ænerimmen || ænerimnær || ænerimnør
| Dative || ænerime || ænerimmen || ænerimnær || ænerimnψr
|-
|-
| Locative || menerime || menerimmen || menerimnær || menerimnør
| Locative || menerime || menerimmen || menerimnær || menerimnψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || ownerime || ownerimmen || ownerimnær || ownerimnør
| Exlocative || ownerime || ownerimmen || ownerimnær || ownerimnψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || rønerime || rønerimmen || rønerimnær || rønerimnør
| Instrumental || rψnerime || rψnerimmen || rψnerimnær || rψnerimnψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsønerime || tsønerimmen || tsønerimnær || tsønerimnør
| Abessive || tsψnerime || tsψnerimmen || tsψnerimnær || tsψnerimnψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λønerime || λønerimmen || λønerimnær || λønerimnør
| Equative || λψnerime || λψnerimmen || λψnerimnær || λψnerimnψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ødnerime || ødnerimmen || ødnerimnær || ødnerimnør
| Anti-equative || ψdnerime || ψdnerimmen || ψdnerimnær || ψdnerimnψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || nerim || nerimme || nerimnæ || nerimnø
| Vocative || nerim || nerimme || nerimnæ || nerimnψ
|}
|}


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! ''neσa'' 'rope' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! ''neσa'' 'rope' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || neσa || neσame || neσanæ || neσanø
| Nominative || neσa || neσame || neσanæ || neσanψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || neσan || neσamen || neσanær || neσanør
| Genitive || neσan || neσamen || neσanær || neσanψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || neσath || neσameth || neσanæth || neσanøth
| Accusative || neσath || neσameth || neσanæth || neσanψth
|-
|-
| Dative || ænneσan || ænneσamen || ænneσanær || ænneσanør
| Dative || ænneσan || ænneσamen || ænneσanær || ænneσanψr
|-
|-
| Locative || meneσan || meneσamen || meneσanær || meneσanør
| Locative || meneσan || meneσamen || meneσanær || meneσanψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || owneσan || owneσamen || owneσanær || owneσanør
| Exlocative || owneσan || owneσamen || owneσanær || owneσanψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || røneσan || røneσamen || røneσanær || røneσanør
| Instrumental || rψneσan || rψneσamen || rψneσanær || rψneσanψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsøneσan || tsøneσamen || tsøneσanær || tsøneσanør
| Abessive || tsψneσan || tsψneσamen || tsψneσanær || tsψneσanψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λøneσan || λøneσamen || λøneσanær || λøneσanør
| Equative || λψneσan || λψneσamen || λψneσanær || λψneσanψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ødneσan || ødneσamen || ødneσanær || ødneσanør
| Anti-equative || ψdneσan || ψdneσamen || ψdneσanær || ψdneσanψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || neσa || neσame || neσanæ || neσanø
| Vocative || neσa || neσame || neσanæ || neσanψ
|}
|}


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! Case  !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! Case  !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+me || [nom stem]+æ || [nom stem]+ø
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [nom stem]+me || [nom stem]+æ || [nom stem]+ψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+men || [nom stem]+ær || [nom stem]+ør
| Genitive || [gen stem] || [nom stem]+men || [nom stem]+ær || [nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+meth || [nom stem]+æth || [nom stem]+øth
| Accusative || [acc stem] || [nom stem]+meth || [nom stem]+æth || [nom stem]+ψth
|-
|-
| Dative || æn+[gen stem] || æn+[nom stem]+men || æn+[nom stem]+ær || æn+[nom stem]+ør
| Dative || æn+[gen stem] || æn+[nom stem]+men || æn+[nom stem]+ær || æn+[nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem] || me+[lenited nom stem]+men || me+[lenited nom stem]+ær || me+[lenited nom stem]+ør
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem] || me+[lenited nom stem]+men || me+[lenited nom stem]+ær || me+[lenited nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem] || ow+[lenited nom stem]+men || ow+[lenited nom stem]+ær || ow+[lenited nom stem]+ør
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem] || ow+[lenited nom stem]+men || ow+[lenited nom stem]+ær || ow+[lenited nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || rø+[lenited gen stem] || rø+[lenited nom stem]+men || rø+[lenited nom stem]+ær || rø+[lenited nom stem]+ør
| Instrumental || rψ+[lenited gen stem] || rψ+[lenited nom stem]+men || rψ+[lenited nom stem]+ær || rψ+[lenited nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsø+[lenited gen stem] || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+men || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+ær || tsø+[lenited nom stem]+ør
| Abessive || tsψ+[lenited gen stem] || tsψ+[lenited nom stem]+men || tsψ+[lenited nom stem]+ær || tsψ+[lenited nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λø+[lenited gen stem] || λø+[lenited nom stem]+men || λø+[lenited nom stem]+ær || λø+[lenited nom stem]+ør
| Equative || λψ+[lenited gen stem] || λψ+[lenited nom stem]+men || λψ+[lenited nom stem]+ær || λψ+[lenited nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ød+[lenited gen stem] || ød+[lenited nom stem]+men || ød+[lenited nom stem]+ær || ød+[lenited nom stem]+ør
| Anti-equative || ψd+[lenited gen stem] || ψd+[lenited nom stem]+men || ψd+[lenited nom stem]+ær || ψd+[lenited nom stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited nom stem]+me || [lenited nom stem]+æ || [lenited nom stem]+ø
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited nom stem]+me || [lenited nom stem]+æ || [lenited nom stem]+ψ
|}
|}


Line 352: Line 352:
! ''newæth'' 'root' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! ''newæth'' 'root' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || newæth || newæthme || newæthæ || newæthø
| Nominative || newæth || newæthme || newæthæ || newæthψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || newæsj || newæthmen || newæthær || newæthør
| Genitive || newæsj || newæthmen || newæthær || newæthψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || newæt || newæthmeth || newæthæth || newæthøth
| Accusative || newæt || newæthmeth || newæthæth || newæthψth
|-
|-
| Dative || ænnewæsj || ænnewæthmen || ænnewæthær || ænnewæthør
| Dative || ænnewæsj || ænnewæthmen || ænnewæthær || ænnewæthψr
|-
|-
| Locative || menewæsj || menewæthmen || menewæthær || menewæthør
| Locative || menewæsj || menewæthmen || menewæthær || menewæthψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || ownewæsj || ownewæthmen || ownewæthær || ownewæthør
| Exlocative || ownewæsj || ownewæthmen || ownewæthær || ownewæthψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || rønewæsj || rønewæthmen || rønewæthær || rønewæthør
| Instrumental || rψnewæsj || rψnewæthmen || rψnewæthær || rψnewæthψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsønewæsj || tsønewæthmen || tsønewæthær || tsønewæthør
| Abessive || tsψnewæsj || tsψnewæthmen || tsψnewæthær || tsψnewæthψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λønewæsj || λønewæthmen || λønewæthær || λønewæthør
| Equative || λψnewæsj || λψnewæthmen || λψnewæthær || λψnewæthψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ødnewæsj || ødnewæthmen || ødnewæthær || ødnewæthør
| Anti-equative || ψdnewæsj || ψdnewæthmen || ψdnewæthær || ψdnewæthψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || newæth || newæthme || newæthæ || newæthø
| Vocative || newæth || newæthme || newæthæ || newæthψ
|}
|}


Line 387: Line 387:
! Case !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! Case !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [gen stem]+em || [gen stem]+æ || [gen stem]+ø
| Nominative || [nom stem] || [gen stem]+em || [gen stem]+æ || [gen stem]+ψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || [gen stem]+e || [gen stem]+emen || [gen stem]+ær || [gen stem]+ør
| Genitive || [gen stem]+e || [gen stem]+emen || [gen stem]+ær || [gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || [gen stem]+th || [gen stem]+emeth || [gen stem]+æth || [gen stem]+øth
| Accusative || [gen stem]+th || [gen stem]+emeth || [gen stem]+æth || [gen stem]+ψth
|-
|-
| Dative || æn+[gen stem]+e || æn+[gen stem]+emen || æn+[gen stem]+ær || æn+[gen stem]+ør
| Dative || æn+[gen stem]+e || æn+[gen stem]+emen || æn+[gen stem]+ær || æn+[gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem]+e || me+[lenited gen stem]+emen || me+[lenited gen stem]+ær || me+[lenited gen stem]+ør
| Locative || me+[lenited gen stem]+e || me+[lenited gen stem]+emen || me+[lenited gen stem]+ær || me+[lenited gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem]+e || ow+[lenited gen stem]+emen || ow+[lenited gen stem]+ær || ow+[lenited gen stem]+ør
| Exlocative || ow+[lenited gen stem]+e || ow+[lenited gen stem]+emen || ow+[lenited gen stem]+ær || ow+[lenited gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || rø+[lenited gen stem]+e || rø+[lenited gen stem]+emen || rø+[lenited gen stem]+ær || rø+[lenited gen stem]+ør
| Instrumental || rψ+[lenited gen stem]+e || rψ+[lenited gen stem]+emen || rψ+[lenited gen stem]+ær || rψ+[lenited gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+e || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+emen || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+ær || tsø+[lenited gen stem]+ør
| Abessive || tsψ+[lenited gen stem]+e || tsψ+[lenited gen stem]+emen || tsψ+[lenited gen stem]+ær || tsψ+[lenited gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λø+[lenited gen stem]+e || λø+[lenited gen stem]+emen || λø+[lenited gen stem]+ær || λø+[lenited gen stem]+ør
| Equative || λψ+[lenited gen stem]+e || λψ+[lenited gen stem]+emen || λψ+[lenited gen stem]+ær || λψ+[lenited gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ød+[lenited gen stem]+e || ød+[lenited gen stem]+emen || ød+[lenited gen stem]+ær || ød+[lenited gen stem]+ør
| Anti-equative || ψd+[lenited gen stem]+e || ψd+[lenited gen stem]+emen || ψd+[lenited gen stem]+ær || ψd+[lenited gen stem]+ψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited gen stem]+em || [lenited gen stem]+æ || [lenited gen stem]+ø
| Vocative || [lenited nom stem] || [lenited gen stem]+em || [lenited gen stem]+æ || [lenited gen stem]+ψ
|}
|}


Line 414: Line 414:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! ''mæλnø'' 'love' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
! ''mæλnψ'' 'love' !! Indefinite Singular !! Indefinite Plural !! Definite Singular !! Definite Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || mæλnø || mæλnørem || mæλnøræ || mæλnørø
| Nominative || mæλnψ || mæλnψrem || mæλnψræ || mæλnψrψ
|-
|-
| Genitive || mæλnøre || mæλnøremen || mæλnørær || mæλnørør
| Genitive || mæλnψre || mæλnψremen || mæλnψrær || mæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Accusative || mæλnørth || mæλnøremeth || mæλnøræth || mæλnørøth
| Accusative || mæλnψrth || mæλnψremeth || mæλnψræth || mæλnψrψth
|-
|-
| Dative || ænmæλnøre || ænmæλnøremen || ænmæλnørær || ænmæλnørør
| Dative || ænmæλnψre || ænmæλnψremen || ænmæλnψrær || ænmæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Locative || mewæλnøre || mewæλnøremen || mewæλnørær || mewæλnørør
| Locative || mewæλnψre || mewæλnψremen || mewæλnψrær || mewæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Exlocative || owwæλnøre || owwæλnøremen || owwæλnørær || owwæλnørør
| Exlocative || owwæλnψre || owwæλnψremen || owwæλnψrær || owwæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Instrumental || røwæλnøre || røwæλnøremen || røwæλnørær || røwæλnørør
| Instrumental || rψwæλnψre || rψwæλnψremen || rψwæλnψrær || rψwæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Abessive || tsøwæλnøre || tsøwæλnøremen || tsøwæλnørær || tsøwæλnørør
| Abessive || tsψwæλnψre || tsψwæλnψremen || tsψwæλnψrær || tsψwæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Equative || λøwæλnøre || λøwæλnøremen || λøwæλnørær || λøwæλnørør
| Equative || λψwæλnψre || λψwæλnψremen || λψwæλnψrær || λψwæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Anti-equative || ødwæλnøre || ødwæλnøremen || ødwæλnørær || ødwæλnørør
| Anti-equative || ψdwæλnψre || ψdwæλnψremen || ψdwæλnψrær || ψdwæλnψrψr
|-
|-
| Vocative || wæλnø || wæλnørem || wæλnøræ || wæλnørø
| Vocative || wæλnψ || wæλnψrem || wæλnψræ || wæλnψrψ
|}
|}


Verbal nouns ending in -ø are always second declension masculine.
Verbal nouns ending in -ψ are always second declension masculine.


* deλø 'to rest', genitive stem deλr-
* deλψ 'to rest', genitive stem deλr-
* ithø 'to eat', genitive stem ithr-
* ithψ 'to eat', genitive stem ithr-
* mærthø 'to sit', genitive stem mærthr-
* mærthψ 'to sit', genitive stem mærthr-


<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Line 466: Line 466:
pæ = past
pæ = past
sjin = future
sjin = future
cøvo = simple present
cψvo = simple present
pænwæ = past habitual (the equivalent of "used to" in English)
pænwæ = past habitual (the equivalent of "used to" in English)


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