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Ipeyól: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Ipeyól phonology is markedly different from Spanish's due to a combination of diachronic and language-contact influences. Ipeyól has a richer consonant and vowel inventory. | |||
===History=== | |||
Palatalization | |||
Voiceless stops palatalized before front vowels or /j/. Additionally, | |||
Consonant Inventory | Consonant Inventory | ||
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|<div style="text-align: center;">p<sup>2</sup></div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">p<sup>2</sup></div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">t<sup>2, 3</sup></div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">t<sup>2, 3</sup></div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">tʃ</div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">tʃ ⟨ch⟩</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">k<sup>2</sup></div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">k<sup>2</sup></div> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|<div style="text-align: center;">b</div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">b</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">d<sup>3</sup></div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">d<sup>3</sup></div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;"> | |<div style="text-align: center;">dʒ⟨j⟩</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">g</div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">g</div> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|<div style="text-align: center;">f</div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">f</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">s<sup>4</sup></div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">s<sup>4</sup></div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;"> | |<div style="text-align: center;">ʃ⟨sh⟩</div> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! colspan="2" |Rhotic | ! colspan="2" |Rhotic | ||
| | | | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;"> | |<div style="text-align: center;">ɾ⟨r⟩</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;"> | |<div style="text-align: center;">ɹ⟨rr⟩</div> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">l</div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">l</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;"> | |<div style="text-align: center;">j⟨y⟩</div> | ||
|<div style="text-align: center;">w</div> | |<div style="text-align: center;">w</div> | ||
|} | |} | ||
# Ipeyól has a syllabic nasal, written in the orthography as <ń>. It, like the nasals themselves, generally assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant, such that ''ilsńbreru'', 'hat' is pronounced /il.zm̩.bɾe.ɾu/. The distinctions between the nasals are neutralized in some environments. For example, before a final /p/, /t/ or /k/ there is nearly always only one nasal sound that can appear in each case: [m], [n] or [ŋ] respectively. This effect can even occur across syllable or word boundaries. | # Ipeyól has a syllabic nasal, written in the orthography as <ń>. It, like the nasals themselves, generally assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant, such that ''ilsńbreru'', 'hat' is pronounced /il.zm̩.bɾe.ɾu/. The distinctions between the nasals are neutralized in some environments. For example, before a final /p/, /t/ or /k/ there is nearly always only one nasal sound that can appear in each case: [m], [n] or [ŋ] respectively. This effect can even occur across syllable or word boundaries. | ||
# The | # The voiceless stops /p t k/ are unaspirated. | ||
# /t/ and /d/ are very often pronounced as a tap [ɾ] between a preceding stressed vowel and another vowel. The tap may occur in word boundaries. | # /t/ and /d/ are very often pronounced as a tap [ɾ] between a preceding stressed vowel and another vowel. The tap may occur in word boundaries. | ||
# The phoneme /s/ is voiced before and after voiced consonants, as in ''ilsirrlu'' [il.ziɹ.lu]. | # The phoneme /s/ is voiced before and after voiced consonants, as in ''ilsirrlu'' [il.ziɹ.lu]. | ||
Ipeyól has incorporated many words containing the voiceless alveolar affricates [t͡s] and [t͡ɬ], present in many indigenous languages of Mexico | |||
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology and Grammar== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||