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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


This is a tribute to [[Minhast]], by [[User:Anyar|Chris Borillo]]: a Minhastid of sorts, nicknamed Crane Speaker Dialect (CSD), a lost branch of the Upper Minhast group of the Historical Regional Dialects of Minhast. It is spoken in a secluded cluster of settlements in one of the Ryu Kyu Islands by some 700 people, originally fishermen and workers who had left Minhay for Japan but ended up fleeing for the Ryu Kyus to avoind getting involved in the happenings of WWI. About 37% of the CSD speakers are monolingual, 60% are CSD-Uchinaaguchi bilinguals and 3% speak CSD, Uchinaaguchi and also Japanese.
::'''''This is a tribute to [[Minhast]], by [[User:Anyar|Chris Borillo]]: a "Minhastid" of sorts.'''''


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The Crane Speaker Dialect (CSD) is part of a "lost" branch of the Upper Minhast group of the ''Historical Regional Dialects'' of [[Minhast]]. It is spoken in a secluded cluster of settlements in one of the Ryu Kyu Islands by some 700 people, originally fishermen and workers who had left Minhay for Japan but ended up fleeing for the Ryu Kyus to avoind getting involved in the happenings of WWI. About 37% of the CSD speakers are monolingual, 60% are CSD-Uchinaaguchi bilinguals and 3% speak CSD, Uchinaaguchi and also Japanese.
Typologically, Minhast is an ergative, polysynthetic language. Verbal morphology is highly aggluginative and performs noun incorporation and other complex valence operations. Unmarked word order is SOV. Ergativity surfaces both at the morphologic and syntactic levels. Both its ergative and polysynthetic characteristics have generated much academic research in comparative and theoretical linguistics.


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== Dialectology ==


Word order is SOV. In simple sentence, this word order is free, although the verb rarely deviates from its clause-final position. Deviation from the unmarked SOV word order is used for discourse purposes; an argument that is to be focused is fronted to the head of the clause. For compound and complex sentences, the verb is obligatorily fixed in clause-final position, but the other arguments of the clause, core, oblique, and sentential complements, still display free word order.
Minhast is divided into two major dialects. Upper Minhast and Lower Minhast. The two dialects groups differ chiefly in phonetics and the lexicon (for instance, Lower Minhast contains loanwords from neighbouring languages -e.g. Golahat- which Upper Minhast doesn't). Otherwise, the two dialects are mutually intelligible.
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The Crane Speaker Dialect is traditionally considered, due to its historical split from the mainland dialects, a part of the Upper Minhast group, but modern study of the differences which characterize the CSD seem to indicate that the linguistic split might have happened a longer time before the speakers left Minhay (around 1900), in a way which would place CSD in a more basal level within the Minhast tree. One of such possible classifications woud be like this:
== Dialectology ==
Minhast is divided into two major dialects. Upper Minhast, which is centered in the highlands of Kilmay Rī, Ešked (Ekšed), and Attum Attar; the northeastern coastal prefectures of Iskamharat and Perim-Sin; and the National Capital Region, consisting of Āš-min-Gāl, Ankussūr, Huruk, Nammadīn, and Kered. Lower Minhast is spoken mainly in the southeastern coastal prefectures of Neskud, Yaxparim, Senzil, and Rēgum. The two dialects differ chiefly in phonetics and the lexicon, with Lower Minhast containing loanwords from neighboring languages (e.g. Golahat). Otherwise, the two dialects are mutually intelligible.


Additionally, the two dialects are divided into several smaller dialects. The major subdialects of Upper Minhast include the Salmon Speakers of the "Gaššarat" (Northeastern Coast), the Dog Speakers of the "Hisašarum" (The Northeastern Plains), the Horse Speakers of the "Gannasia" (The Central Plateau), and the Knife Speakers (Lesser Plateau Prefecture). Lower Minhast consists of the Gull Speakers (Senzil and Rēgum Prefectures), the Osprey Speakers (Kings' Bay), and the Stone Speakers of the southernmost prefectures (Neskud and Yaxparim).
[Minhast tree here]


Two new dialects have arisen in the National Capital Region (NCR).  One is Modern Standard Minhast, a variant of Upper Minhast that serves as the standard dialect used for government, commerce, and media.  The second dialect, known as Modern Colloquial Minhast (aka the City Speaker dialect), is an admixture of several subdialects from both Upper and Lower Minhast.  Spoken mostly by people in their 30's and earlier, it contains more loanwords from foreign languages than the standard language, especially in areas of technology and the Internet, and from foreign films and media.  This new dialect is replete with slang and nonstandard jargon that is often looked down upon by older generations.
Two new dialects have arisen in the National Capital Region (NCR).  One is Modern Standard Minhast, a variant of Upper Minhast that serves as the standard dialect used for government, commerce, and media.  The second dialect, known as Modern Colloquial Minhast (aka the City Speaker dialect), is an admixture of several subdialects from both Upper and Lower Minhast.  Spoken mostly by people in their 30's and earlier, it contains more loanwords from foreign languages than the standard language, especially in areas of technology and the Internet, and from foreign films and media.  This new dialect is replete with slang and nonstandard jargon that is often looked down upon by older generations.


This grammatical sketch is a description primarily of Modern Standard Minhast.  Examples from other Minhast dialects, or from Old or Classical Minhast will be noted as appropriate.
This grammatical sketch is a description primarily of Modern Standard Minhast.  Examples from other Minhast dialects, or from Old or Classical Minhast will be noted as appropriate.
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Typologically, Minhast is an ergative, polysynthetic language. Verbal morphology is highly aggluginative and performs noun incorporation and other complex valence operations. Unmarked word order is SOV. Ergativity surfaces both at the morphologic and syntactic levels. Both its ergative and polysynthetic characteristics have generated much academic research in comparative and theoretical linguistics.
Word order is SOV. In simple sentence, this word order is free, although the verb rarely deviates from its clause-final position. Deviation from the unmarked SOV word order is used for discourse purposes; an argument that is to be focused is fronted to the head of the clause. For compound and complex sentences, the verb is obligatorily fixed in clause-final position, but the other arguments of the clause, core, oblique, and sentential complements, still display free word order.
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