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Bemé: Difference between revisions
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===''Kriyal''=== | ===''Kriyal''=== | ||
''[[Contionary:kriyal|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé|[ | ''[[Contionary:kriyal|Kriyal]]'' ([[IPA for Bemé|[kɹ̥ijal]]], [[IPA for Bemé|[tɹ̥ijal]]] or [[IPA for Bemé|[tʃɹ̥ijal]]]) is a less commonly used term, and is derived from its status as an [[w:English-based creole languages|English-based creole language]]. Although originally referring to the entire language in the same manner as ''Bemé''/''Bemeh'', nowadays it is mostly used to refer to [[w:Basilect|basilectal]] varieties of the language, though older speakers may still refer to the language as a whole as ''kriyal''. | ||
The word ''kriyal''(sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé. | The word ''kriyal''(sometimes spelt ''kriyel'' in [[Columbé|Columban]]) is also used by [[Columbé]] and [[Bijun Creole]] speakers to refer to their own varieties of Bemé. | ||
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| b || [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|'''b'''emeh]] || '''b'''ow | | b || [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|'''b'''emeh]] || '''b'''ow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ch || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate| | | ch || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || [[Contionary:chena#Bemé|'''ch'''ena]] || '''Ch'''ina | ||
|- | |- | ||
| d || [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]] || [[Contionary:dan#Bemé|'''d'''an]] || '''d'''one | | d || [[w:Voiced alveolar plosive|d]] || [[Contionary:dan#Bemé|'''d'''an]] || '''d'''one | ||
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| g || [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]] || [[Contionary:gud#Bemé|'''g'''ud]] || '''g'''ood | | g || [[w:Voiced velar plosive|g]] || [[Contionary:gud#Bemé|'''g'''ud]] || '''g'''ood | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gr || gɹ~ | | gr || gɹ~dʒɹ || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || (initial) [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am | | rowspan=2 | h || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || (initial) [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am | ||
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| [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || (medial) ji'''h'''ad || uh'''-'''oh | | [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] || (medial) ji'''h'''ad || uh'''-'''oh | ||
|- | |- | ||
| j || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate| | | j || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|'''j'''amis]] || '''j'''eans | ||
|- | |- | ||
| k || [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing | | k || [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kr || tɹ̥~kɹ̥~ | | kr || tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥ || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee | ||
|- | |- | ||
| l || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id | | l || [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id | ||
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|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
The distinction between /kr tr | The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation: | ||
* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ | * ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/; | ||
* In the most [[w:Basilect|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː | * In the most [[w:Basilect|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/; | ||
* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|affricated]] to / | * The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/. | ||
The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~ | The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen". | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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! rowspan=2 | Stop/<br>Affricate | ! rowspan=2 | Stop/<br>Affricate | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate| | | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|tʃ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate| | | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Nasal | ! colspan=2 | Nasal | ||