Akhyan: Difference between revisions

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Akhyan (view source)

Revision as of 14:18, 7 June 2025

3,912 bytes added ,  7 June
→‎Primary System
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| -are
| -are
| -arahe
| -arahe
| -adwe
| -ade
| -anta
| -anta
|-
|-
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| -ana
| -ana
| -asva
| -asva
| -ada
| -adya
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Subjunctive
! rowspan="3" |Subjunctive
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| -era
| -era
| -erahe
| -erahe
| -edwe
| -eda
| -enti
| -enti
|-
|-
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| -ena
| -ena
| -esva
| -esva
| -eda
| -edya
|}
|}


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! rowspan="3" |Indicative
! rowspan="3" |Indicative
!Active
!Active
| Patham
| Path'''·a·m'''
| Pathas
| Path'''·a·s'''
| Patha
| Path'''·a'''
| Pathami
| Path'''·ami'''
| Pathasi
| Path'''·a·si'''
| Pathati
| Path'''·a·ti'''
|-
!Passive
| Path'''·a·rya'''
| Path'''·arus'''
| Path'''·a·re'''
| Path'''·a·rahe'''
| Path'''·a·de'''
| Path'''·a·nta'''
|-
!Reflexive
| Path'''·a·rm'''
| Path'''·ars'''
| Path'''·a·rt'''
| Path'''·a·na'''
| Path'''·a·sva'''
| Path'''·a·dya'''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Subjunctive
!Active
| Path'''·e·m'''
| Path'''·e·s'''
| Path'''·e'''
| Path'''·e·mi'''
| Path'''·e·si'''
| Path'''·e·ti'''
|-
!Passive
| Path'''·e·rya'''
| Path'''·e·rus'''
| Path'''·e·ra'''
| Path'''·e·rahe'''
| Path'''·e·da'''
| Path'''·e·nti'''
|-
!Reflexive
| Path'''·e·rm'''
| Path'''·e·rs'''
| Path'''·e·rt'''
| Path'''·e·na'''
| Path'''·e·sva'''
| Path'''·e·dya'''
|}
The perfect tense is formed through the perfect stem, which is created by modifying the verb root. This is usually done by reduplicating the first consonant of the root and placing it at the beginning of the word, followed by '''-e-'''. However, if the verb root already begins with a vowel, the prefix '''in-''' is added.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Perfect Tense of Kapatan "to deceive, to fool, to cheat"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |Singular
! colspan="3" |Plural
|-
!1st Person
!2nd Person
!3rd Person
!1st Person
!2nd Person
!3rd Person
|-
! rowspan="3" |Indicative
!Active
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·m'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·s'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·ami'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·si'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·ti'''
|-
!Passive
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·rya'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·arus'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·re'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·rahe'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·de'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·nta'''
|-
!Reflexive
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·rm'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·ars'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·rt'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·na'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·sva'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·a·dya'''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Subjunctive
!Active
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·m'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·s'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·mi'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·si'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·ti'''
|-
!Passive
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·rya'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·rus'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·ra'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·rahe'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·da'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·nti'''
|-
!Reflexive
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·rm'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·rs'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·rt'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·na'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·sva'''
| '''Ke·'''kapat'''·e·dya'''
|}
The aorist tense is formed using the aorist stem, which is created from the verb root by adding the prefix '''''e-'''''. In this process, the first vowel of the root is shifted to the position of the second vowel, and the original second vowel is removed. For instance, the verb '''Faran''' "to love" (rootː √far-), the aorist form becomesː '''Efr·a'''. Vülnan "to focus" (rootː √vüln-) is '''Evlün·a'''. If the verb root begins with a vowel, the first consonant that follows the vowel becomes the intermediary for vowel relocation. For instanceː Uppatan "to prove" (rootː √uppat-) becomes '''Epupat·a'''.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Aorist Tense of Sućan "to deceive, to fool, to cheat"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |Singular
! colspan="3" |Plural
|-
!1st Person
!2nd Person
!3rd Person
!1st Person
!2nd Person
!3rd Person
|-
! rowspan="3" |Indicative
!Active
| Esćun'''·a·m'''
| Esćun'''·a·s'''
| Esćun'''·a'''
| Esćun'''·ami'''
| Esćun'''·a·si'''
| Esćun'''·a·ti'''
|-
|-
!Passive
!Passive
| Patharya
| Esćun'''·a·rya'''
| Patharus
| Esćun'''·arus'''
| Pathare
| Esćun'''·a·re'''
| Patharahe
| Esćun'''·a·rahe'''
| Pathadwe
| Esćun'''·a·de'''
| Pathanta
| Esćun'''·a·nta'''
|-
|-
!Reflexive
!Reflexive
| Patharm
| Esćun'''·a·rm'''
| Pathars
| Esćun'''·ars'''
| Pathart
| Esćun'''·a·rt'''
| Pathana
| Esćun'''·a·na'''
| Pathasva
| Esćun'''·a·sva'''
| Pathada
| Esćun'''·a·dya'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Subjunctive
! rowspan="3" |Subjunctive
!Active
!Active
| Pathem
| Esćun'''·e·m'''
| Pathes
| Esćun'''·e·s'''
| Pathe
| Esćun'''·e'''
| Pathemi
| Esćun'''·e·mi'''
| Pathesi
| Esćun'''·e·si'''
| Patheti
| Esćun'''·e·ti'''
|-
|-
!Passive
!Passive
| Patherya
| Esćun'''·e·rya'''
| Patherus
| Esćun'''·e·rus'''
| Pathera
| Esćun'''·e·ra'''
| Patherahe
| Esćun'''·e·rahe'''
| Pathedwe
| Esćun'''·e·da'''
| Pathenti
| Esćun'''·e·nti'''
|-
|-
!Reflexive
!Reflexive
| Patherm
| Esćun'''·e·rm'''
| Pathers
| Esćun'''·e·rs'''
| Pathert
| Esćun'''·e·rt'''
| Pathena
| Esćun'''·e·na'''
| Pathesva
| Esćun'''·e·sva'''
| Patheda
| Esćun'''·e·dya'''
|}
|}


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