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Pokht: Difference between revisions
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| nativename = bokhtjoeğ | | nativename = bokhtjoeğ | ||
| pronunciation = ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw]<br>[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj | | pronunciation = ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw]<br>[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj | ||
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Pokht | |||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2024 | | created = 2024 | ||
| Line 30: | Line 31: | ||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Pokht''' (Pokht: ''bokhtjoeğ'', <small>pronounced | '''Pokht''' (Pokht: ''bokhtjoeğ'', <small>pronounced</small> [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːw, ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːj]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''jënn pokht'') is a [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]] language or group of languages spoken by various Pokht peoples in the region of Pokhtreg, namely in southern [[Izhkut|Izhkutrëa]] and parts of northern [[Ingdikh]]. It is also spoken by a significant [[w:Diaspora|diasporic]] community on the island of [[Etzeá|Etzeán]], especially in [[Néekh]] territories such as Arkhûz and the greater Tûznam Basin. | ||
Linguistically, Pokht is a descendant of [[Old Izhkut]], making it a sister language of [[Izhkut]] and the now-extinct [[Ilyod]] language. However, unlike other Old Izhkut descendants and its ancestor itself, Pokht is much more [[w:Inflectional language|inflectional]] than the more [[w:Isolating language|isolating]] [[Izhkut]], and incorporates a rich verbal paradigm that conjugates on [[w:Grammatical person|person]], [[w:Grammatical tense|tense]] and [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspect]]. Pokht also retains the masculine-feminine [[w:Grammatical gender|gender]] of [[Old Izhkut]], which Izhkut dropped. | Linguistically, Pokht is a descendant of [[Old Izhkut]], making it a sister language of [[Izhkut]] and the now-extinct [[Ilyod]] language. However, unlike other Old Izhkut descendants and its ancestor itself, Pokht is much more [[w:Inflectional language|inflectional]] than the more [[w:Isolating language|isolating]] [[Izhkut]], and incorporates a rich verbal paradigm that conjugates on [[w:Grammatical person|person]], [[w:Grammatical tense|tense]] and [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspect]]. Pokht also retains the masculine-feminine [[w:Grammatical gender|gender]] of [[Old Izhkut]], which Izhkut dropped. | ||
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/f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative|labiodental]] depending on the dialect. | /f v/ vary between [[w:Bilabial fricative|bilabial]] and [[w:Labiodental fricative|labiodental]] depending on the dialect. | ||
/j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u ɔ ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[ | /j w ɣ/ are all allophones of the phoneme /ɣ/; its pronunciation varies on position. After vowels /u ɔ ø/ at the end of a word, it extends the vowel and alternates between /j~w/ depending on the speaker, as in ''bokhtjoe'''ğ'''''. In the medial position of a compound word, it typically only extends the vowel and is unwritten, as in ''bokhtj'''oe'''srenyeğ'' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈb̥ɔxddʒøːˌsɽeɲə]]]. After word-final /e/, it simply turns /e/ into /ə/, as in ''srenye'''ğ''''' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈsɽeɲə]]], though in some dialects it may also be pronounced with a /w/, hence the preservation of the letter. Before voiceless plosives it becomes /k/; before voiced, it becomes /g/. In either way, it is written ⟨g⟩. In all other places, it is pronounced as [[w:Voiced velar fricative|velar fricative]] /ɣ/. | ||
/dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[ | /dʒ/ is devoiced in word-initial and word-final positions, such as '''''tj'''oell'' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue" or ''mala'''tj''''' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈmɑlɑtʃ]]] "gourd". In word-medial places, it is always voiced and additionally typically geminated, specifically after [[w:Velar consonant|velar]] [[w:Obstruent consonant|obstruents]] /k g x ɣ/ and the nasal /n/ (which is always palatalised before /c dʒ/), such as in ''brihṇdag'''tj'''eğ'' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈb̥ɽihn̩dɑgddʒə(w)]]] "euphemistic" and ''bin'''tj'''im'' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈb̥iɲddʒim]]] "he hops". | ||
/l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[ | /l ɫ/ are contrastive everywhere except initial positions where only /l/ occurs, so ''tjoe'''l''''' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈtʃøl]]] "while" contrasts with ''tjoe'''ll''''' [[IPA for Pokht|[ˈtʃøɫ]]] "blue". | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||