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→Verbal morphology
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===Verbal morphology=== | ===Verbal morphology=== | ||
Verbal roots are marked for tense, aspect and subject (animacy, gender, number and person). Mood is marked through postpositions. | |||
====Tenses==== | ====Tenses==== | ||
Tenses are: present, non-present. The equivalent to the future and past tense are conveyed as follows: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=5| Marking !! rowspan=2| Conveyed tense | |||
|- | |||
! -2 !! -1 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 | |||
|- | |||
| {{sc|perfect}} || rowspan=3 style="text-align:center"| - || rowspan=3| √{{sc|root}} || rowspan=3| {{sc|obviative}} || {{sc|subject.non-present}} || {{sc|past}} | |||
|- | |||
| Ø || {{sc|subject.present}} || {{sc|present}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{sc|prospective}} || {{sc|subject.non-present}} || {{sc|future}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Whence: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2| Marking !! rowspan=2 colspan=2| | |||
|- | |||
! Primary aspect (-2) !! Tense (2) | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2| Perfect || present || stative || resulting from past action | |||
|- | |||
| non-present || past || | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2| Prospective || present || prospective || | |||
|- | |||
| non-present || future || | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2| Neutral (Ø marking) || present || present || | |||
|- | |||
| non-present || oblique || | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====Tense-person marking suffixes==== | ====Tense-person marking suffixes==== | ||
The ''most animate'' agent of the clause (see "Animacy, control, volition") agrees with the verb declined with the ''proximate'' suffix, the ''lesser animate'' with the verb marked with the ''obviate''. This can also be used to mark a change of referent (see "referent anaphora"). | |||
=====Proximate suffixes===== | =====Proximate suffixes===== | ||
=====Obviate suffixes===== | =====Obviate suffixes===== | ||
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=====Anaphoric reference shift particle===== | =====Anaphoric reference shift particle===== | ||
=====Use of the obviate===== | =====Use of the obviate===== | ||
===Animacy, control and volition=== | ===Animacy, control and volition=== | ||
===Adjectives and adverbs=== | ===Adjectives and adverbs=== | ||