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Carnian: Difference between revisions
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* Assibilation: ''ť'' occasionally developed to /t͡s/ (*''pleťe'' > ''pletzi'') | * Assibilation: ''ť'' occasionally developed to /t͡s/ (*''pleťe'' > ''pletzi'') | ||
The distribution of /Cj/ versus /jC/ outcomes correlates with position: /Cj/ predominates initially and medially before vowels, while /jC/ appears word-finally or before final vowels. This suggests original /Cj/ development with subsequent metathesis in final environments, spreading through paradigmatic leveling (Nom. ''coin'' < *''koňь'', Gen. ''coina'' < *''koňa'' 'horse'). | The distribution of /Cj/ versus /jC/ outcomes correlates with position: /Cj/ predominates initially and medially before vowels, while /jC/ appears word-finally or before final vowels. This suggests original /Cj/ development with subsequent metathesis in final environments, spreading through paradigmatic leveling (Nom. ''[[Contionary:coin#Carnian|coin]]'' < *''koňь'', Gen. ''coina'' < *''koňa'' 'horse'). | ||
Complete depalatalization /Cʲ/ > /C/ is less frequent and appears most commonly word-finally, in clusters, and in some words due to analogy with other inflected forms which lacked the palatalization. | Complete depalatalization /Cʲ/ > /C/ is less frequent and appears most commonly word-finally, in clusters, and in some words due to analogy with other inflected forms which lacked the palatalization. | ||
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The '''infinitive''' is short, ending only in -''t'' (the final vowel was lost after the establishment of penultimate accent), resulting in ultimate stress on all infinitives. Some dialects preserve the long infinitive in -''ti'' or show rhotacization to -''r'' / -''ri'' / -''re''. | The '''infinitive''' is short, ending only in -''t'' (the final vowel was lost after the establishment of penultimate accent), resulting in ultimate stress on all infinitives. Some dialects preserve the long infinitive in -''ti'' or show rhotacization to -''r'' / -''ri'' / -''re''. | ||
'''Past tense''' is formed analytically using the auxiliary verb ''bœt'' 'to be' in the present tense plus the past participle (L-participle), continuing the Slavic perfect construction with the auxiliary in preposition rather than postposition. The '''future tense''' of perfective verbs is expressed through their present forms, while imperfective verbs form future analytically using the auxiliary stem ''ba''- plus the past participle. | '''Past tense''' is formed analytically using the auxiliary verb ''[[Contionary:bœt#Carnian|bœt]]'' 'to be' in the present tense plus the past participle (L-participle), continuing the Slavic perfect construction with the auxiliary in preposition rather than postposition. The '''future tense''' of perfective verbs is expressed through their present forms, while imperfective verbs form future analytically using the auxiliary stem ''ba''- plus the past participle. | ||
Three verbs (''bœt'' 'to be', ''meat'' 'to have', ''teat'' 'to want') have special negative forms in the present indicative rather than simply adding the particle ''ne''. | Three verbs (''bœt'' 'to be', ''meat'' 'to have', ''teat'' 'to want') have special negative forms in the present indicative rather than simply adding the particle ''ne''. | ||
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!colspan=2| f | !colspan=2| f | ||
| [f] | | [f] | ||
| '''''f'''ala'' 'thank you' | | ''[[Contionary:fala#Carnian|'''f'''ala]]'' 'thank you' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| g | !colspan=2| g | ||
| [g] | | [g] | ||
| '''''g'''uessier'' 'lizard' | | ''[[Contionary:guessier#Carnian|'''g'''uessier]]'' 'lizard' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| ġ, gi | !colspan=2| ġ, gi | ||
| Line 720: | Line 720: | ||
!colspan=2| j | !colspan=2| j | ||
| [j] | | [j] | ||
| '''''j'''on'' 'young' | | ''[[Contionary:jon#Carnian|'''j'''on]]'' 'young' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| k | !colspan=2| k | ||
| Line 729: | Line 729: | ||
! {{small|usually}} | ! {{small|usually}} | ||
| [l] | | [l] | ||
| '''''l'''aba'' 'weekend' | | ''[[Contionary:laba#Carnian|'''l'''aba]]'' 'weekend' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{small|in coda}} | ! {{small|in coda}} | ||
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!colspan=2| m | !colspan=2| m | ||
| [m] | | [m] | ||
| '''''m'''edio'' 'between' | | ''[[Contionary:medio#Carnian|'''m'''edio]]'' 'between' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| n | !colspan=2| n | ||
| [n] | | [n] | ||
| '''''n'''œ'''n''''' 'now' | | ''[[Contionary:nœn#Carnian|'''n'''œ'''n''']]'' 'now' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=3| o | !rowspan=3| o | ||
| Line 750: | Line 750: | ||
! {{small|stressed closed syllables}} | ! {{small|stressed closed syllables}} | ||
| [ɒ̝] | | [ɒ̝] | ||
| ''c'''o'''t'' 'cat' | | ''[[Contionary:cot#Carnian|c'''o'''t]]'' 'cat' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{small|unstressed}} | ! {{small|unstressed}} | ||
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!colspan=2| s | !colspan=2| s | ||
| [s] | | [s] | ||
| '''''s'''yn'' 'grey-blue' | | ''[[Contionary:syn#Carnian|'''s'''yn]]'' 'grey-blue' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| ṡ, si | !colspan=2| ṡ, si | ||
| Line 792: | Line 792: | ||
! {{small|in a diphthong}} | ! {{small|in a diphthong}} | ||
| [ʊ̯ ~ w] | | [ʊ̯ ~ w] | ||
| ''v'''u'''ela'' 'street' | | ''[[Contionary:vuela#Carnian|v'''u'''ela]]'' 'street' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| v | !colspan=2| v | ||
| [ʋ] | | [ʋ] | ||
| '''''v'''ermè'' 'weather' | | ''[[Contionary:vermè#Carnian|'''v'''ermè]]'' 'weather' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| y | !colspan=2| y | ||
| [ɛɪ̯] | | [ɛɪ̯] | ||
| ''t'''y''''' 'you' | | ''[[Contionary:ty#Carnian|t'''y''']]'' 'you' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=2| z | !colspan=2| z | ||