803
edits
Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
(→Verbs) |
(→Verbs) |
||
| Line 539: | Line 539: | ||
* '''Position 3''' denotes verbal aspect and is empty when the verb is active, but contains ''or'' when passive (e.g. ''veld-'' "sees", ''veldor-'' "is seen"). | * '''Position 3''' denotes verbal aspect and is empty when the verb is active, but contains ''or'' when passive (e.g. ''veld-'' "sees", ''veldor-'' "is seen"). | ||
* '''Position 4''' is usually empty, but is filled by ''ja'' when the verb is relative (''velśa'' "who saw" < ''vels-ja''). | * '''Position 4''' is usually empty, but is filled by ''ja'' when the verb is relative (''velśa'' "who saw" < ''vels-ja''). | ||
* '''Position 5''' is always theoretically filled by a suffix denoting person. In most cases these are identical to the NA pronouns, with an epenthetic ''e'' following consonants (e.g. ''veldemi'' "I see", ''velsoreśi'' "you were seen"). When the subject is a noun or a 3sg pronoun, the ending is ''-e'', but this disappears following relative ''ja'' (e.g. ''velde'' "he/she/it sees", ''velģa'' "whom he etc. sees"). Only the 2nd person pronouns may be used with the imperative (e.g. ''velatu'' "see!"). | * '''Position 5''' is always theoretically filled by a suffix denoting person. In most cases these are identical to the NA pronouns, with an epenthetic ''e'' following consonants (e.g. ''veldemi'' "I see", ''velsoreśi'' "you were seen"). When the subject is a noun or a 3sg pronoun, the ending is ''-e'', but this disappears following relative ''ja'' (e.g. ''velde'' "he/she/it sees", ''velģa'' "whom he etc. sees" < ''veld-ja''). Only the 2nd person pronouns may be used with the imperative (e.g. ''velatu'' "see!"). | ||
* '''Position 0''' may be empty or filled by one of the several prefixes: | * '''Position 0''' may be empty or filled by one of the several prefixes: | ||
** ''ră'' is used with past-tense verbs to denote the perfect, but in the non-past it denotes a modal of possibility, often used to express doubt (e.g. ''răvelseje'' "they have seen", '' | ** ''ră'' is used with past-tense verbs to denote the perfect, but in the non-past it denotes a modal of possibility, often used to express doubt (e.g. ''răvelseje'' "they have seen", ''răveldeśńi'' "we may see"). It may not be used with the imperative. | ||
** ''nă'' is the negative, which may be used with any of the suffixes (e.g. ''năvelsemi'' "I did not see", ''năvelģaśi'' "whom you did not see"). | ** ''nă'' is the negative, which may be used with any of the suffixes (e.g. ''năvelsemi'' "I did not see", ''năvelģaśi'' "whom you did not see"). | ||
** '' | ** ''mă'' is the conditional, used with the past or non-past to mean "if ..." (e.g. ''măveldetu'' "if you see", ''măvelsoremi'' "if I were seen"). The conditional cannot be used with the relative suffix. | ||
The table below summarises the position of the affixes in relation to the stem: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" text-align:center;" | ||