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Bźatga: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs possess a relatively simple agglutinative morphology. Each verb consists of a stem to which affixes denoting such things as tense, person and | Verbs possess a relatively simple agglutinative morphology. Each verb consists of a stem to which affixes denoting such things as tense, person and voice are added. The position of the affixes is restricted, with the stem (e.g. ''vel-'' "see") taking '''Position 1''', and the other affixes as follows: | ||
* '''Position 2''' must be filled with one of the tense-marking suffixes ''d'' for the non-past or ''s'' for the past (e.g. ''veld-'' "sees", ''vels-'' "saw"). In imperative verbs the position is held by the imperative suffix ''a'' (e.g. ''vela'' "see!"). | * '''Position 2''' must be filled with one of the tense-marking suffixes ''d'' for the non-past or ''s'' for the past (e.g. ''veld-'' "sees", ''vels-'' "saw"). In imperative verbs the position is held by the imperative suffix ''a'' (e.g. ''vela'' "see!"). | ||
* '''Position 3''' denotes | * '''Position 3''' denotes voice and is empty when the verb is active, but contains ''or'' when passive (e.g. ''veld-'' "sees", ''veldor-'' "is seen"). | ||
* '''Position 4''' is usually empty, but is filled by ''ja'' when the verb is relative (''velśa'' "who saw" < ''vels-ja''). | * '''Position 4''' is usually empty, but is filled by ''ja'' when the verb is relative (''velśa'' "who saw" < ''vels-ja''). | ||
* '''Position 5''' is always theoretically filled by a suffix denoting person. In most cases these are identical to the NA pronouns, with an epenthetic ''e'' following consonants (e.g. ''veldemi'' "I see", ''velsoreśi'' "you were seen"). When the subject is a noun or a 3sg pronoun, the ending is ''-e'', but this disappears following relative ''ja'' (e.g. ''velde'' "he/she/it sees", ''velģa'' "whom he etc. sees" < ''veld-ja''). Only the 2nd person pronouns may be used with the imperative (e.g. ''velatu'' "see!"). | * '''Position 5''' is always theoretically filled by a suffix denoting person. In most cases these are identical to the NA pronouns, with an epenthetic ''e'' following consonants (e.g. ''veldemi'' "I see", ''velsoreśi'' "you were seen"). When the subject is a noun or a 3sg pronoun, the ending is ''-e'', but this disappears following relative ''ja'' (e.g. ''velde'' "he/she/it sees", ''velģa'' "whom he etc. sees" < ''veld-ja''). Only the 2nd person pronouns may be used with the imperative (e.g. ''velatu'' "see!"). | ||
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! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 1 <br> Stem | ! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 1 <br> Stem | ||
! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 2 <br> Tense | ! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 2 <br> Tense | ||
! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 3 <br> | ! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 3 <br> Voice | ||
! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 4 <br> Relative | ! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 4 <br> Relative | ||
! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 5 <br> Person | ! align="center" style="width: 150px;" | Position 5 <br> Person | ||
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| align="center" | ''măveldore'' | | align="center" | ''măveldore'' | ||
| align="center" | | | align="center" | | ||
|- | |||
! align="center" rowspan="4;" | Past | |||
! align="center" | Affirmative | |||
| align="center" | ''velse'' | |||
| align="center" | ''velśa'' | |||
| align="center" | ''velsore'' | |||
| align="center" | ''velsoŕa'' | |||
|- | |||
! align="center" | Perfective | |||
| align="center" | ''răvelse'' | |||
| align="center" | ''răvelśa'' | |||
| align="center" | ''răvelsore'' | |||
| align="center" | ''răvelsoŕa'' | |||
|- | |||
! align="center" | Negative | |||
| align="center" | ''năvelse'' | |||
| align="center" | ''năvelśa'' | |||
| align="center" | ''năvelsore'' | |||
| align="center" | ''năvelsoŕa'' | |||
|- | |||
! align="center" | Conditional | |||
| align="center" | ''măvelse'' | |||
| align="center" | | |||
| align="center" | ''măvelsore'' | |||
| align="center" | | |||
|- | |||
! align="center" colspan="2;" | Imperative | |||
| align="center" colspan="2;" | ''vela'' | |||
| align="center" colspan="2;" | | |||
|} | |} | ||