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Early Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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→Phonological Changes from Predecessor Languages: - Thai
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Stressed monophthongs were borrowed as long vowels if they had a tone at the top of the speaker's vocal range e.g. /tɔŋˈbuːht/ - "animal" (from Taiwanese /tɔŋ˨˩but˥˥/, or if they rose to or fell from this point e.g. e.g. /ˈsʰwiːhθi/ - "informant" (from Taiwanese /tsʰui˥˧tɕiʔ˥˥/), /pɔˈhiːŋ/ - "pilgrimage" (from Taiwanese /pɔ˨˩hiŋ˧˥/). | Stressed monophthongs were borrowed as long vowels if they had a tone at the top of the speaker's vocal range e.g. /tɔŋˈbuːht/ - "animal" (from Taiwanese /tɔŋ˨˩but˥˥/, or if they rose to or fell from this point e.g. e.g. /ˈsʰwiːhθi/ - "informant" (from Taiwanese /tsʰui˥˧tɕiʔ˥˥/), /pɔˈhiːŋ/ - "pilgrimage" (from Taiwanese /pɔ˨˩hiŋ˧˥/). | ||
===Thai=== | |||
Thai borrowings into the creole came from a mixture of Central Thai (as spoken in Bangkok), and NE Thai (very similar to Lao) e.g. /pʰwan/ - "friend of the family" (from Central Thai /pʰʉ̂an/- "friend"), /mwanh/ - "to have a party" (from NE Thai /muan/ - "fun"). | |||
====Stress==== | |||
Stress was always on the last syllable of the word e.g. /jahˈphʰeuŋ/ - "premature, hasty" (from Central Thai /jàː pʰʉ̂ŋ/ - "not yet"). | |||
====Tone==== | |||
The Central Thai low tone and the NE Thai mid tone both surfaced as a /h/ in the syllable coda e.g. /daːh/ - "to become angry and speak rudely" (from Central Thai /dàː/), /sʰaˈtih/ - "mindfulness" (from Central Thai /satìʔ/), /mwanh/ - "to have a party" (from NE Thai /muan/ - "fun"). | |||
====Vowels==== | |||
/ʉ/ became /eu/ e.g. /jahˈphʰeuŋ/ - "premature, hasty" (from Central Thai /jàː pʰʉ̂ŋ/ - "not yet"). | |||
/ia/ became /ja/ e.g. /sʰja/ - "wrecked / broken" (from Central Thai /sǐa/). | |||
/ua/ and /ʉa/ both became /wa/ e.g. /mwanh/ - "to have a party" (from NE Thai /muan/ - "fun"), /pʰwan/ - "friend of the family" (from Central Thai /pʰʉ̂an/- "friend"). | |||
====Consonants==== | |||
Thai /tɕ/ was borrowed as /tj/ e.g. /tjaiˈjen/ - "calm" (from Central Thai /tɕai jen/), while /tɕʰ/ was generally borrowed as /sʰj/ (it is already commonly pronounced as /ɕ/ in Bangkok Thai) e.g. /sʰjɔː/ - "small spoon" (from Central Thai /tɕʰɔ́ːn/) | |||
/s/ was generally borrowed as aspirated /sʰ/, and aspirated stops were generally borrowed as such e.g. /sʰaˈtih/ - "mindfulness" (from Central Thai /satìʔ/), /pʰwan/ - "friend of the family" (from Central Thai /pʰʉ̂an/- "friend"). | |||
However, Grassman's Law applied to loanwords which would have had more than one aspirated consonant e.g. /sihˈtʰih/ - "right, privilege, authority" (from Central Thai /sìttʰìʔ). | |||
/tr/ was lenited to unaspirated /s/ (via an intermediate /ts/) e.g. /swaht/ - "inspect" (from Central Thai /trùat/). In other clusters, /r/ was lost e.g. /kʰjat/ - "overly serious" (from Central Thai /kʰrîat/). | |||
Outside clusters, /r/ was merged with /l/ e.g. /ruˈtjahk/ - "to know someone" (from Central Thai /rúː tɕàk/). | |||
In clusters, /l/ was deleted e.g. /naˈkjaht/ - "ugly, disgusting" (from Central Thai /nâː klìat/). | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||