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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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→Nouns
Lëtzelúcia (talk | contribs) m (→Grammmar) |
Lëtzelúcia (talk | contribs) m (→Nouns) |
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* 4n. feminine, ending in -i; | * 4n. feminine, ending in -i; | ||
* 1r. masculine and feminine, ending in -ar. | * 1r. masculine and feminine, ending in -ar. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Class 1n. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -o || -e | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -i || -ani | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -a || -e | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -i || -a | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: biomo “flower” m, gomo “man” m. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Class 2n. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -o || -i | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -i || -ono | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -o || -i | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -o || -o | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: toggo “tongue” f, aglo “trouble” f. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Class 3n. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -o || -ona | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -i || -ani | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -o || -ona | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -i || -a | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: uogo “eye” n, erto “heart” n. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Class 4n. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -i || -i | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -i || -ino | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -i || -i | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -i || -i | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: froþi “wisdom” f, ieþi “mother” f. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ 1r.m. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -ar || -riu | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -ri || -ri | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -re || -ri | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -er || -ro | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: faþar “father” m, broþar “brother” m. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ 1r.f. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -ar || -riu | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -ri || -ro | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -re || -ri | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -er || -ro | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: dottar “daughter” f, svestar “sister” f. | |||
A last irregular class is derived from Latin, namely the suffix -tās, which is classified as Class 4d. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Class 4d | |||
! style="width:33%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:33%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:33%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || -tá || -tadi | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || -tadi || -tado | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || -tade || -tadi | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || -tada || -tadi | |||
|} | |||
* Examples: fregiatá “freedom” f, magetá “ability” f. | |||
====Adjectives==== | |||
Adjectives may occur either before or after the noun. The default, unmarked position is postnominal. In prenominal, the adjective can also convey nuances of meaning, such as restrictiveness or contrastive emphasis. | |||
* Unmarked: ienu buocu rossu “a red book”; | |||
* Marked: ienu rossu buocu “a book that is red”. | |||
Adjectives inflect for case, gender, and number, following paradigms that are formally identical to those of nouns. They are distributed across Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4. | |||
Luthic marks comparison through two grammatical constructions: comparative and superlative, typically formed with the suffixes -esu and -íssimu (declined in Classes 1, 2 and 3 according to the gender), respectively. A number of irregular forms also occur, mostly due to suppletion. | |||
* Comparative: ienu buonu dagu “a good day” > ienu bateso dagu “a better day”; | |||
* Superlative: rasna varma “warm house” > sa rasna varnissima “the warmest house”. | |||
Superlative forms always take a definite article. Furthermore, Luthic adjectives have a weak declension inherited from Gothic, which occurs after a demonstrative or a definite article, and is identical to Classes 1n, 2n and 3n. There are no weak forms equivalent to comparative and superlative. Comparative is also declined like Classes 1n, 2n and 3n. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||