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Luthic: Difference between revisions
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Superlative forms always take a definite article. Furthermore, Luthic adjectives have a weak declension inherited from Gothic, which occurs after a demonstrative or a definite article, and is identical to Classes 1n, 2n and 3n. There are no weak forms equivalent to comparative and superlative. Comparative is also declined like Classes 1n, 2n and 3n. | Superlative forms always take a definite article. Furthermore, Luthic adjectives have a weak declension inherited from Gothic, which occurs after a demonstrative or a definite article, and is identical to Classes 1n, 2n and 3n. There are no weak forms equivalent to comparative and superlative. Comparative is also declined like Classes 1n, 2n and 3n. | ||
====Pronouns==== | |||
Pronouns in Luthic form a distinct subsystem of the grammar, preserving both archaisms inherited from Indo-European and introducing unique innovations. They inflect for case, number, and (in most forms) gender. Unlike nouns and adjectives, however, the first- and second-person personal pronouns retain the dual number, which otherwise survives only in this domain. The pronominal system comprises personal, possessive, demonstrative, relative, interrogative, and indefinite forms, each with its own declensional patterns and functions. First and second personal pronouns also have a special comitative form. | |||
=====Personal pronouns===== | |||
The subject pronoun is typically omitted, since distinctive verb conjugations make it redundant. When expressed, subject pronouns carry emphatic force. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ 1st person | |||
! style="width:25%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:25%;" | sg. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | du. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | pl. | |||
|- | |||
| nom. || ec || ve || vi | |||
|- | |||
| gen. || mina || ogcara || nostra | |||
|- | |||
| acc. || mec || ogche || noi | |||
|- | |||
| dat. || me || ogche || noi | |||
|- | |||
| com. || meco || usco || nosco | |||
|} | |||
The dual number in Luthic, as mentioned before, is restricted to first- and second-person pronouns. It specifically denotes “we two” or “you two,” contrasting with the plural forms that refer to three or more. The following examples illustrate the difference between omitted and emphatic subject pronouns, as well as the special addressee function of the dual: | |||
* (no pronoun) rogio. → I speak. | |||
* (emphatic) ec rogio. → I speak (indeed) / It is I who speak. | |||
* (no pronoun) qeþi. → We two (without clusivity distinction) talk. | |||
* (emphatic) ve qeþi. → We two (inclusive pronoun) talk. | |||
* (no pronoun) andiamu. → We all go. | |||
* (emphatic) vi andiamu. → We (restricted to our group, not others) go. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||