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Antarctican: Difference between revisions
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Ditransitive Verbs
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(Ditransitive Verbs) |
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Soldiers aren't hunting ''red'' frogs (maybe they're hunting another colour). | Soldiers aren't hunting ''red'' frogs (maybe they're hunting another colour). | ||
===Ditransitives=== | |||
Antarctican differs from English in that it has secundative alignment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundative_language). Take, for example, the following sentence: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| sowdlan || òey || yini | |||
|- | |||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiɦ || jini | |||
|- | |||
| soldier-ERG || give.NFCS || dog.ABS | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving (something to) a dog. | |||
This can only ever mean that the soldier is giving something to a dog, never that the soldier is giving the dog to someone. | |||
A similar situation is found when an object pronominal infix (which makes a verb intransitive for the purposes of case marking on and positioning of the subject) is used on the verb e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| asòey || sowdla | |||
|- | |||
| ʔasɜiɦ || sɔudɮ | |||
|- | |||
| <1PS.INC.OBJ>give.NFCS || soldier.ABS | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving (something to) us (including you). | |||
If we want to introduce the Theme (whatever is being given), the default construction places it in the ergative case, followed by `wù /wuɦ/ and after the recipient e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| sowdlan || òey || yini || aaehaan-ga || `wù | |||
|- | |||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiɦ || jini || ʔɛːχaːɴga || wuɦ | |||
|- | |||
| soldier-ERG || give.NFCS || dog.ABS || food-ERG || THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving food to a dog. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| asòey || sowdla || aaehaan-ga || `wù | |||
|- | |||
| ʔasɜiɦ || sɔudɮ || ʔɛːχaːɴga || wuɦ | |||
|- | |||
| <1PS.INC.OBJ>give.NFCS || soldier.ABS || food-ERG || THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving us food. | |||
If we want to remove the Recipient from the sentence, then the verb must take the antipassive voice e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| òemòey || sowdla || aaehaan-ga || `wù | |||
|- | |||
| ʔɜmɜiɦ || sɔudɮ || ʔɛːχaːɴga || wuɦ | |||
|- | |||
| <IMPV.AP>give.NFCS || soldier.ABS || food-ERG || THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving food. | |||
====Pronominal Themes==== | |||
If the Theme is a pronoun, then instead of `wu taking a noun before it, it is prefixed with the same prefixes that mark subject on verbs (with breathy voice spread onto them) e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| sowdlan || òey || yini || `wèwù | |||
|- | |||
| sɔudɮaɴ || ʔɜiɦ || jini || wɘɦwuɦ | |||
|- | |||
| soldier-ERG || give.NFCS || dog.ABS || <1PS.INCL.PRES>THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving us (including you) to a dog. | |||
If the Recipient is omitted, then the verb takes the antipassive voice as before e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| òemòey || sowdla || `wèwù | |||
|- | |||
| ʔɜmɜiɦ || sɔudɮa || wɘɦwuɦ; | |||
|- | |||
| <IMPV.AP>give.NFCS || soldier.ABS || <1PS.INCL.PRES>THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier is giving us (to something / someone). | |||
Like the prefixes on verbs, these prefixes inflect for tense e.g. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| òemòey || sowdla || chùewù | |||
|- | |||
| ʔɜmɜiɦ || sɔudɮa || cɨɦwuɦ; | |||
|- | |||
| <IMPV.AP>give.NFCS || soldier.ABS || <1PS.INCL.PAST>THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier was giving us (to something / someone). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| òemòey || sowdla || `wùewù | |||
|- | |||
| ʔɜmɜiɦ || sɔudɮa || wɨɦwuɦ; | |||
|- | |||
| <IMPV.AP>give.NFCS || soldier.ABS || <1PS.INCL.FUT>THEME | |||
|} | |||
A soldier will be giving us (to something / someone). | |||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | ||