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Kiryaakattic: Difference between revisions
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Kiryattic (/ˈkir.jæ.tɪk/ in the US or /ˈkir.jə.ˌtɪk/ in the UK, less often "Kiryish" /ˈkir.jɪʃ/) is a Finnic language spoken in Greece | Kiryattic (/ˈkir.jæ.tɪk/ in the US or /ˈkir.jə.ˌtɪk/ in the UK, less often "Kiryish" /ˈkir.jɪʃ/) is a Finnic language spoken in Greece. Kiryattic is most distinguishable by the preservation of word final Proto-Finnic *k (as modern /ɣ/) and *h (as modern /k/). | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
| Line 106: | Line 106: | ||
|+ Phonology | |+ Phonology | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | | ||
! Labial | ! Labial | ||
! Dental | |||
! Alveolar | ! Alveolar | ||
! Palatal | ! Palatal | ||
! Velar | ! Velar | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! colspan=2 | Nasal | ||
| m | | m | ||
| | |||
| n | | n | ||
| ɲ | | ɲ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plosive | ! colspan=2 | Plosive | ||
| p | | p | ||
| t | | | ||
| c | | t | ||
| k | | c | ||
| k | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ||
| | ! Voiceless | ||
| s~z | | f | ||
| (θ) | |||
| rowspan=2 | s~z | |||
| ç | | ç | ||
| x | | x | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximant | ! Voiced | ||
| | | v | ||
| ð | |||
| ʝ | |||
| ɣ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Approximant | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| r, l | | r, l | ||
| j | | j | ||
| Line 139: | Line 151: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ Vowels | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! Front | ! Front | ||
! Back | ! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! High | ! High | ||
| i | | i(ː) | ||
| u(ː) | |||
| u | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid-High | ! Mid-High | ||
| e | | e(ː) | ||
| o(ː) | |||
| o | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid-Low | ! Mid-Low | ||
| ɛ | |||
| | | ʌ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Low | ! Low | ||
| | | a(ː) | ||
| ɑ | | ɑ(ː) | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
| Line 173: | Line 178: | ||
|+ Orthography | |+ Orthography | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Letter | ||
! | ! Transcription | ||
! | ! Name | ||
! | ! Pronunciation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| α | | α | ||
| a | |||
| αλφα | | αλφα | ||
| /ɑ/ | | /ɑ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ά | | ά | ||
| á | | á | ||
| | | ά | ||
| / | | /a/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| β | | β | ||
| | | v | ||
| βετα | | βετα | ||
| / | | /v/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| γ | | γ | ||
| g | |||
| γαμμα | | γαμμα | ||
| / | | /ɣ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| δ | | δ | ||
| d | |||
| δελτα | | δελτα | ||
| / | | /ð/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ε | | ε | ||
| e | |||
| επσιλον | | επσιλον | ||
| /e/ | | /e/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | η | ||
| | | ē | ||
| | | η | ||
| /ɛ/ | | /ɛ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ζ | | ζ | ||
| z | |||
| ζετα | | ζετα | ||
| / | | /z/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| θ | | θ | ||
| th | |||
| θετα | | θετα | ||
| /θ/ | | /θ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ι | | ι | ||
| i | |||
| ιωτα | | ιωτα | ||
| /i/ | | /i/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ϊ | | ϊ | ||
| ï | | ï | ||
| | | | ||
| /j/ | | /j/, /ʲ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| κ | | κ | ||
| k | |||
| καππα | | καππα | ||
| /k/ | | /k/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| λ | | λ | ||
| l | |||
| λαμδα | | λαμδα | ||
| /l/ | | /l/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| μ | | μ | ||
| m | |||
| μυ | | μυ | ||
| /m/ | | /m/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ν | | ν | ||
| n | |||
| νυ | | νυ | ||
| /n/ | | /n/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ο | | ο | ||
| o | |||
| ομικρον | | ομικρον | ||
| /o/ | | /o/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| π | | π | ||
| p | |||
| πι | | πι | ||
| /p/ | | /p/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ρ | | ρ | ||
| r | |||
| ρο | | ρο | ||
| /r/ | | /r/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| σ | | σ | ||
| s | |||
| σιγμα | | σιγμα | ||
| /s/ | | /s/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| τ | | τ | ||
| t | |||
| ταυ | | ταυ | ||
| /t/ | | /t/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| υ | | υ | ||
| u | |||
| υπσιλον | | υπσιλον | ||
| /u/ | | /u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ϋ | | ϋ | ||
| ü | | ü | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | /ʷ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| φ | | φ | ||
| | | f | ||
| φι | | φι | ||
| /f/ | | /f/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| χ | | χ | ||
| h | |||
| χι | | χι | ||
| /x/ | | /x/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ω | | ω | ||
| ō | | ō | ||
| | | ω | ||
| / | | /ʌ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
It is important to note that handwritten Kiryattic often looks nothing like its displayed counterpart, as handwritten Kiryattic uses many unique letter forms, and also makes extensive use of ligatures and shorthand symbols, some of which are for Greek words, rather than native ones, as with the symbol for "και" often being used in place of native "ϊα" | It is important to note that handwritten Kiryattic often looks nothing like its displayed counterpart, as handwritten Kiryattic uses many unique letter forms, and also makes extensive use of ligatures and shorthand symbols, some of which are for Greek words, rather than native ones, as with the symbol for "και" often being used in place of native "ϊα" (though many younger speakers have replaced "ϊα" with "κάι") | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
| Line 349: | Line 328: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | κϊάλη | ||
| | | κϊάλη | ||
| | | κϊάλη | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| Line 363: | Line 342: | ||
| κϊάλϊ | | κϊάλϊ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Dative | ||
| κϊάλελγ | | κϊάλελγ | ||
| κϊάλάλγ | | κϊάλάλγ | ||
| κϊάλϊγ | | κϊάλϊγ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Formal | ||
| | | κϊάλενη | ||
| | | κϊάλάνη | ||
| | | κϊάλϊνη | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 451: | Line 391: | ||
====Noun patterns==== | ====Noun patterns==== | ||
There's several patterns, they can be generalized to | There's several patterns, they can be generalized to the endings of the genitive | ||
Above you saw "κϊάλη", an -ε/-ά/-ι pattern noun, so the others will be presented below. | |||
Above you saw " | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
| Line 466: | Line 403: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | χαρω | ||
| | | χαρωω | ||
| | | χαρβω | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| χαρατ | | χαρατ | ||
| χαραατ | | χαραατ | ||
| | | χαρβοτ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| χαρα | | χαρα | ||
| χαραα | | χαραα | ||
| | | χαρβο | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Dative | ||
| χαραλγ | | χαραλγ | ||
| χαρααλγ | | χαρααλγ | ||
| | | χαρβολγ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Formal | ||
| | | χαρανω | ||
| | | χαραανω | ||
| | | χαρβονω | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 540: | Line 438: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | ελάϊη | ||
| | | ελάϊηη | ||
| | | ελάιϊη | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| Line 554: | Line 452: | ||
| ελάιϊε | | ελάιϊε | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Dative | ||
| ελάϊάλγ | | ελάϊάλγ | ||
| ελάϊάάλγ | | ελάϊάάλγ | ||
| ελάιϊελγ | | ελάιϊελγ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Formal | ||
| | | ελάϊάνη | ||
| | | ελάϊάάνη | ||
| | | ελάιϊενη | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Cases==== | |||
The cases are a rather central part of Kiryattic, but many are falling out of use. | |||
The abessive and comitative are essentially extinct, and the cases for movement are quickly becoming the same. | |||
The lost cases are typically replaced by an adverb of adposition, or their meaning is taken by another case. | |||
:Comitative: "-ν", replaced by "μιτ", thought to come from Old High German "mit". | |||
:Abessive: "-ττη", replaced by "αανω", thought to be from Old High German "āno", "āna", or "ānu" | |||
:Allative: Developed into the dative case, original allative meaning replaced by "προς" + the dative. "προς" is believed to be from the Ancient Greek of the same spelling. | |||
:Illative: "-ε", replaced by "ις", thought to be from Ancient Greek "εις". | |||
:Elative, Ablative, Translative: "-στη", "-λτη", "-δη", replaced by "εγ", apparently from Ancient Greek "εκ". | |||
:Adessive: "-λλη", replaced by "πρη'", thought to be from Old Church Slavonic "pri". | |||
:Inessive: "-σση", replaced by "η", apparently from Ancient Greek "εν". | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
| Line 626: | Line 500: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | μινω | ||
| | | μινβω | ||
| | | μινϊη | ||
| | | ςινω | ||
| | | ςινβω | ||
| | | ςινϊη | ||
| | | ινω | ||
| | | ινβω | ||
| | | ινϊη | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| μινυτ | | μινυτ | ||
| | | μινβατ | ||
| | | μινϊάτ | ||
| | | ςινυτ | ||
| | | ςινβατ | ||
| | | ςινϊάτ | ||
| ινυτ | | ινυτ | ||
| | | ινβατ | ||
| | | ινϊάτ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| μινυ | | μινυ | ||
| | | μινβα | ||
| | | μινϊά | ||
| | | ςινυ | ||
| | | ςινβα | ||
| | | ςινϊά | ||
| ινυ | | ινυ | ||
| | | ινβα | ||
| | | ινϊά | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Dative | ||
| μινυλγ | | μινυλγ | ||
| | | μινβαλγ | ||
| | | μινϊάλγ | ||
| | | ςινυλγ | ||
| | | ςινβαλγ | ||
| | | ςινϊάλγ | ||
| ινυλγ | | ινυλγ | ||
| | | ινβαλγ | ||
| | | ινϊάλγ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Formal | ||
| | | μινυνω | ||
| | | μινβανω | ||
| | | μινϊάνη | ||
| | | ςινυνω | ||
| | | ςινβανω | ||
| | | ςινϊάνη | ||
| | | ινυνω | ||
| | | ινβανω | ||
| | | ινϊάνη | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 775: | Line 562: | ||
|+ Inflection of "λόύτάάγ" (a-ie) | |+ Inflection of "λόύτάάγ" (a-ie) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | | ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Positive | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | Indicative | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | Conditional | ||
! colspan=2 | Present | ! colspan=2 | Optative | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | Potential | ||
! | ! rowspan=2 | Imperative | ||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Past | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Singular | ! rowspan=3 | Singular | ||
! 1st | ! 1st | ||
| λόύτά | | λόύτά | ||
| | | λόύτϊε | ||
| λόύτάδϊ | | λόύτάδϊ | ||
| | | λόύτϊεδϊ | ||
| λόύτάό | |||
| λόύτϊό | |||
| λόύτάνε | |||
| λόύτϊενε | |||
| λόύτάά | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| λόύτάτ | | λόύτάτ | ||
| | | λόύτϊετ | ||
| λόύτάδϊτ | | λόύτάδϊτ | ||
| λόύτϊεδϊτ | | λόύτϊεδϊτ | ||
| λόύτάότ | | λόύτάότ | ||
| | | λόύτϊότ | ||
| λόύτάνετ | | λόύτάνετ | ||
| | | λόύτϊενετ | ||
| λόύτάάτ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| λόύτέ | |||
| λόύτϊέ | |||
| λόύτάδέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδέ | |||
| λόύτάό | | λόύτάό | ||
| | | λόύτϊό | ||
| λόύτάνέ | | λόύτάνέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊενέ | ||
| λόύτέέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | Dual | ||
| λόύτάδ | |||
| | | λόύτϊεδ | ||
| | | λόύτάδϊδ | ||
| λόύτϊεδϊδ | |||
| | |||
| λόύτάόδ | | λόύτάόδ | ||
| | | λόύτϊόδ | ||
| λόύτάνεδ | | λόύτάνεδ | ||
| | | λόύτϊενεδ | ||
| | | λόύτάάδ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Plural | ! rowspan=3 | Plural | ||
! 1st | ! 1st | ||
| λόύτάνέ | |||
| λόύτϊενέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊνέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊνέ | |||
| λόύτάόνέ | | λόύτάόνέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊόνέ | ||
| λόύτάνενέ | | λόύτάνενέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊενενέ | ||
| λόύτάάνέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| λόύτάτέ | |||
| λόύτϊετέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊτέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊτέ | |||
| λόύτάότέ | | λόύτάότέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊότέ | ||
| λόύτάνετέ | | λόύτάνετέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊενετέ | ||
| λόύτάάτέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| λόύτέέ | |||
| λόύτϊέέ | |||
| λόύτάδέέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδέέ | |||
| λόύτάόέ | | λόύτάόέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊόέ | ||
| λόύτάνέέ | | λόύτάνέέ | ||
| | | λόύτϊενέέ | ||
| λόύτέέ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Participle | |||
| λόύτάβέ | |||
| λόύτϊεβέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊβέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊβέ | |||
| λόύτάόβέ | |||
| λόύτϊόβέ | |||
| λόύτάνεβέ | |||
| λόύτϊενεβέ | |||
| λόύτάάβέ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Negative | |||
! colspan=2 | Indicative | |||
! colspan=2 | Conditional | |||
! colspan=2 | Optative | |||
! colspan=2 | Potential | |||
! rowspan=2 | Imperative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Present | ||
! | ! Past | ||
! | ! Present | ||
! | ! Past | ||
! | ! Present | ||
! | ! Past | ||
! Present | |||
! Past | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Singular | ! rowspan=3 | Singular | ||
! 1st | ! 1st | ||
| | | λόύτάκε | ||
| λόύτϊεκε | |||
| λόύτάδϊκε | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκε | |||
| λόύτάόκε | |||
| λόύτϊόκε | | λόύτϊόκε | ||
| λόύτάνκε | |||
| λόύτϊενκε | | λόύτϊενκε | ||
| λόύτάάκε | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| | | λόύτάκετ | ||
| λόύτϊεκετ | |||
| λόύτάδϊκετ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκετ | |||
| λόύτάόκετ | |||
| λόύτϊόκετ | | λόύτϊόκετ | ||
| λόύτάνκετ | |||
| | |||
| λόύτϊενκετ | | λόύτϊενκετ | ||
| λόύτάάκετ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| | | λόύτάκέ | ||
| λόύτϊεκέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊκέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκέ | |||
| λόύτάόκέ | |||
| λόύτϊόκέ | | λόύτϊόκέ | ||
| λόύτάνκέ | |||
| | |||
| λόύτϊενκέ | | λόύτϊενκέ | ||
| λόύτάάκέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | Dual | ||
| λόύτάκεδ | |||
| | | λόύτϊεκεδ | ||
| | | λόύτάδϊκεδ | ||
| λόύτϊεδϊκεδ | |||
| λόύτάόκεδ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| λόύτϊόκεδ | | λόύτϊόκεδ | ||
| λόύτάνκεδ | |||
| | |||
| λόύτϊενκεδ | | λόύτϊενκεδ | ||
| λόύτάάκεδ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Plural | ! rowspan=3 | Plural | ||
! 1st | ! 1st | ||
| | | λόύτάκενέ | ||
| λόύτϊεκενέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊκενέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκενέ | |||
| λόύτάόκενέ | |||
| λόύτϊόκενέ | | λόύτϊόκενέ | ||
| λόύτάνκενέ | |||
| λόύτϊενκενέ | | λόύτϊενκενέ | ||
| λόύτάάκενέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
| | | λόύτάκετέ | ||
| λόύτϊεκετέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊκετέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκετέ | |||
| λόύτάόκετέ | |||
| λόύτϊόκετέ | | λόύτϊόκετέ | ||
| λόύτάνκετέ | |||
| | |||
| λόύτϊενκετέ | | λόύτϊενκετέ | ||
| λόύτάάκετέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd | ! 3rd | ||
| | | λόύτάκέέ | ||
| λόύτϊεκέέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊκέέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκέέ | |||
| λόύτάόκέέ | |||
| λόύτϊόκέέ | | λόύτϊόκέέ | ||
| λόύτάνκέέ | |||
| | |||
| λόύτϊενκέέ | | λόύτϊενκέέ | ||
| λόύτάάκέέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | | ! colspan=2 | Participle | ||
| λόύτάκεβέ | |||
| λόύτϊεκεβέ | |||
| λόύτάδϊκεβέ | |||
| λόύτϊεδϊκεβέ | |||
| λόύτάόκεβέ | |||
| λόύτϊόκεβέ | |||
| λόύτάνκεβέ | |||
| λόύτϊενκεβέ | |||
| λόύτάάκεβέ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
:1: The imperative was restructured early on, it now follows the present indicative, but with the vowel (here -á-) doubled. | |||
:2: The difference between the old past and the new past is the forms alone, they're identical in usage. | |||
As can be seen, Kiryattic has unique negative forms, these developed from the suffixation of Proto-Finnic *e- (negative verb) to the connegative form, these connegative forms were later lost, leaving only the negative forms. | |||
| | |||
| | In modern everyday speech, the imperative is often reduced down to the 1st person singular forms (Ex. "λόύτάά" and "λόύτάάκε") and a pronoun is used instead of inflecting, so "You will find" is "σινυ λόύτάά" in informal speech, while in proper speech it's "λόύτάάτ" | ||
The following table is the inflection of "-βέ", the participle ending. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; | |||
|+ Inflection of "-βέ" (ά/άά/ιε pattern) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
! singular | |||
! dual | |||
! | ! plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Nominative | ||
| | | -βέ | ||
| | | -βέέ | ||
| -βϊέ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Accusative | ||
| -βάτ | |||
| | | -βάάτ | ||
| | | -βϊετ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Genitive | ||
| | | -βά | ||
| | | -βάά | ||
| -βϊε | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Dative | ||
| | | -βάλγ | ||
| | | -βάάλγ | ||
| -βϊελγ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Formal | ||
| -βάνέ | |||
| | | -βάάνέ | ||
| -βϊενέ | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Syntax and Semantics== | ==Syntax and Semantics== | ||
| Line 1,163: | Line 833: | ||
'''Instrumental''': Closer to an instrumental. Identical to the genitive in form | '''Instrumental''': Closer to an instrumental. Identical to the genitive in form | ||
''' | '''Dative''': Indirect object. | ||
''' | '''Formal''': Used to mark a state of being, or as "to be". | ||
===Examples and Analysis=== | ===Examples and Analysis=== | ||
:''' | :'''μινω ϊοκενω ολη''' | ||
This example is the Biblical "I am what I am", though it reads extremely differently. | This example is the Biblical "I am what I am", though it reads extremely differently. | ||
:1.SG.NOM REL.ESS be | :1.SG.NOM REL.ESS be | ||
This would read as roughly "I am what is", though several more interpretive translations exist, such as "I am what all things exist through". | This would read as roughly "I am what is", though several more interpretive translations exist, such as "I am what all things exist through". | ||
[[category:Finnic languages]] | [[category:Finnic languages]] | ||
[[category:Kiryaakattic language]] | [[category:Kiryaakattic language]] | ||
[[category:uralic languages]] | [[category:uralic languages]] | ||