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Mergian: Difference between revisions
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Since Old Mergian was out of a pronoun meaning "which of the two" and "which of them", the words *ƕa-baddjē and *ƕa-ize ("what of the two" and "what of them" respectively) began to be used to refer to inanimate nouns and *mannē-ƕas ("who of the men/people") began to be used to refer to animate nouns. These words evolved and lexicalized into the modern Mergian pronouns used today. | Since Old Mergian was out of a pronoun meaning "which of the two" and "which of them", the words *ƕa-baddjē and *ƕa-ize ("what of the two" and "what of them" respectively) began to be used to refer to inanimate nouns and *mannē-ƕas ("who of the men/people") began to be used to refer to animate nouns. These words evolved and lexicalized into the modern Mergian pronouns used today. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Interrogative pronouns | |+ Interrogative pronouns | ||
! !! What? !! Who? !! Which (of the two)? !! Which (of them)? || Who (of them)? | ! !! What? !! Who? !! Which (of the two)? !! Which (of them)? || Who (of them)? | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| ha | | rowspan="2" | ha | ||
| haðar | | haðar | ||
| haaðei | | rowspan="2" | haaðei | ||
| haazei | | rowspan="2" | haazei | ||
| | | maniua | ||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| haðna | |||
| maneuna | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| he | |||
| haðre | |||
| hispaðei | |||
| hisizei | |||
| maniue | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| hama | |||
| haðma | |||
| hamfae | |||
| hamizei | |||
| maneuma | |||
|} | |||
The indefinite pronouns are formed by suffixing ''-ug'' after consonants. After a vowel, ''-zug'' is instead used. These suffixes come from the [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7#Gothic -uh] conjunction in Gothic. Originally, they were used for universal pronouns but the meaning shifted. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Indefinite pronouns | |||
! !! Something !! Someone | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| rowspan="2" | hazug | |||
| haðarug | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| haðnazug | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| hezug | |||
| haðrezug | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| hamazug | |||
| haðmazug | |||
|} | |||
The universal pronouns were replaced by the word [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%83#Gothic alls] in the masculine plural for the animate and in the neuter singular for the inanimate. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Universal pronouns | |||
! !! Everything !! Everyone | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| aal | |||
| ale | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| aal | |||
| alens | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ale | |||
| alsei | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| alma | |||
| alem | |||
|} | |||
Negative pronouns are formed by prefixing ''ni-'' before the indefinite pronouns. It should be written with a hypen between the ''ni-'' and the pronoun. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Negative pronouns | |||
! !! Something !! Someone | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| rowspan="2" | ni-hazug | |||
| ni-haðarug | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| ni-haðnazug | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ni-hezug | |||
| ni-haðrezug | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ni-hamazug | |||
| ni-haðmazug | |||
|} | |||
|} | |} | ||
==== Declension ==== | ==== Declension ==== | ||