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Mergian: Difference between revisions
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→Verbs
Mangohouse (talk | contribs) |
Mangohouse (talk | contribs) (→Verbs) |
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| fra- | | fra- | ||
| separation | | separation | ||
| '' | | ''buzjen'' "buy (archaic)" | ||
| '' | | ''frauzjen'' "sell" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="4" | Aspectual prefixes | ! colspan="4" | Aspectual prefixes | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Alongside the directional and aspectual prefix, there are a number of perfective prefixes. They are not interchangeable, despite all meaning the same thing. The most common and productive one is ''ga-''. A number of the directional suffixes are also used: | |||
* an | * an | ||
* at | * at | ||
* us | * us | ||
* uf | * uf | ||
Although rare, there also exist imperfective prefixes. Similar to perfective prefixes, they are not interchangeable. There is no one most common imperfective prefix, since they are already rare. The two most common imperfective prefixes are ''at-'' and ''for-'' | |||
If a geminate consonant cluster forms due to a prefix, then it should be turned degeminated. | If a geminate consonant cluster forms due to a prefix, then it should be turned degeminated. | ||
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! Perfective | ! Perfective | ||
| ''frebrag'' <br/> "I have broken" | | ''frebrag'' <br/> "I have broken" | ||
| ''frabriga'' <br/> "I will | | ''frabriga'' <br/> "I will break" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Imperfective | ! Imperfective | ||
| ''brag'' <br/> "I was breaking" | | ''brag'' <br/> "I was breaking" | ||
| ''briga'' <br/> "I | | ''briga'' <br/> "I am breaking" | ||
|} | |||
The default for most verbs is that the unmodified form is the imperfective and that a verb requires some prefix to become perfective, however this is not always true. Verbs that describe "instant" actions (e.g. die, finish, strike) are perfective by default and instead require a prefix to become imperfective. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Example with ''diven'' "die" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Past !! Present | |||
|- | |||
! Perfective | |||
| ''dav'' <br/> "I have died" | |||
| ''diva'' <br/> "I will die" | |||
|- | |||
! Imperfective | |||
| ''fordav'' <br/> "I was dying" | |||
| ''fordiva'' <br/> "I am dying" | |||
|} | |} | ||
==== Passive ==== | |||
Mergian has two passive voices, both inherited from Gothic. They are the mediopassive (mpass.) and the passive (pass.) | |||
The mediopassive is used only in the third person. It is used to talk about a common action associated with a noun, unaccusative verbs or impersonal actions. Mediopassive verbs also lack an explicit agent. | |||
The passive is used for all persons. It is used to describe the action a noun is undergoing, most often by a different agent. | |||
Compare the following examples: | |||
* ''Sa lampa '''kobde''' favme'' - 'This lamp is cheap' (lit. 'This lamp buys/is bought cheap') <!-- favme is the dat sg of fo (from faus) which means little --> | |||
: There is no explicit agent, and ''kobde'' ('is bought') acts like an unaccusative verb, therefore this verb should be in the mediopassive. | |||
* ''Sen books '''ist anmeelts''' þerg Frankiskne bougrja'' - 'This book is written by a French author' | |||
: There is an explicit agent, so this verb should be in the passive. | |||
* ''In biðjen '''brinde''' hjimja'' - 'Incense is burnt during prayer' (lit. 'In prayer burns prayer') | |||
: There is no explicit agent, and this is a common action, therefore this verb should be in the mediopassive. | |||
* ''Smirn '''ist gabrannens''' þerg Paben Asto'' - 'Myrrh is burnt by Father Augustus' | |||
: There is an explicit agent, and this action is not common/a general statement. | |||
==== Verb classes ==== | ==== Verb classes ==== | ||